No replicating evidence for anti-amyloid-β autoantibodies in cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation.

Objective: Elevated levels of anti-amyloid-β (anti-Aβ) autoantibodies in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) have been proposed as a diagnostic biomarker for cerebral amyloid angiopathy-related inflammation (CAA-RI). We aimed to independently validate the immunoassay for quantifying these antibodies and evaluate its diagnostic value for CAA-RI.

Methods: We replicated the immunoassay to detect CSF anti-Aβ autoantibodies using CSF from CAA-RI patients and non-CAA controls with unrelated disorders and further characterized its performance.

Altered brain expression and cerebrospinal fluid levels of TIMP4 in cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a highly prevalent and progressive pathology, involving amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition in the cerebral blood vessel walls. CAA is associated with an increased risk for intracerebral hemorrhages (ICH). Insight into the molecular mechanisms associated with CAA pathology is urgently needed, to develop additional diagnostic tools to allow for reliable and early diagnosis of CAA and to obtain novel leads for the development of targeted therapies.

Prevalence of Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Pathology and Strictly Lobar Microbleeds in East-Asian Versus Western Populations: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Background And Purpose: Possible differences in the prevalence of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) in East-Asian compared to Western populations have received little attention, and results so far have been ambiguous. Our aim is to compare the prevalence of CAA neuropathology and magnetic resonance imaging markers of CAA in East-Asian and Western cohorts reflecting the general population, cognitively normal elderly, patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), and patients with (lobar) intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH).

Methods: We performed a systematic literature search in PubMed and Embase for original research papers on the prevalence of CAA and imaging markers of CAA published up until February 17th 2022.

Decreased microvascular claudin-5 levels in cerebral amyloid angiopathy associated with intracerebral haemorrhage.

Decreased microvascular levels of claudin-5 in the occipital and temporal lobe of patients with cerebral amyloid angiopathy are associated with intracerebral haemorrhage.

Proximity extension assay in cerebrospinal fluid identifies neurofilament light chain as biomarker of neurodegeneration in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Background: Sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (sCAA) is a disease characterised by the progressive deposition of the amyloid beta (Aβ) in the cerebral vasculature, capable of causing a variety of symptoms, from (mild) cognitive impairment, to micro- and major haemorrhagic lesions. Modern diagnosis of sCAA relies on radiological detection of late-stage hallmarks of disease, complicating early diagnosis and potential interventions in disease progression. Our goal in this study was to identify and validate novel biomarkers for sCAA.

The relation of a cerebrospinal fluid profile associated with Alzheimer's disease with cognitive function and neuropsychiatric symptoms in sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Background: Patients with sporadic cerebral amyloid angiopathy (sCAA) frequently report cognitive or neuropsychiatric symptoms. The aim of this study is to investigate whether in patients with sCAA, cognitive impairment and neuropsychiatric symptoms are associated with a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) biomarker profile associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD).

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we included participants with sCAA and dementia- and stroke-free, age- and sex-matched controls, who underwent a lumbar puncture, brain MRI, cognitive assessments, and self-administered and informant-based-questionnaires on neuropsychiatric symptoms.

Serum and cerebrospinal fluid neurofilament light chain and glial fibrillary acid protein levels in early and advanced stages of cerebral amyloid Angiopathy.

Background: Neurofilament light chain (NFL) is a biomarker for neuroaxonal damage and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) for reactive astrocytosis. Both processes occur in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), but studies investigating the potential of NFL and GFAP as markers for CAA are lacking. We aimed to investigate NFL and GFAP as biomarkers for neuroaxonal damage and astrocytosis in CAA.

Participatory methods used in the evaluation of medical devices: a comparison of focus groups, interviews, and a survey.

Background: Stakeholder engagement in evaluation of medical devices is crucial for aligning devices with stakeholders' views, needs, and values. Methods for these engagements have however not been compared to analyse their relative merits for medical device evaluation. Therefore, we systematically compared these three methods in terms of themes, interaction, and time-investment.

Performance evaluation of commercial and non-commercial shear wave elastography implementations for vascular applications.

Background: Shear wave elastography (SWE) is mainly used for stiffness estimation of large, homogeneous tissues, such as the liver and breasts. However, little is known about its accuracy and applicability in thin (∼0.5-2 mm) vessel walls.

Neuropsychiatric symptoms with focus on apathy and irritability in sporadic and hereditary cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Background: Neuropsychiatric symptoms (NPS) may affect cognition, but their burden in cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA), one of the main causes of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and dementia in the elderly, remains unclear. We investigated NPS, with emphasis on apathy and irritability in sporadic (sCAA) and Dutch-type hereditary (D-)CAA.

Methods: We included patients with sCAA and (pre)symptomatic D-CAA, and controls from four prospective cohort studies.

Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Spontaneous Cerebellar Hemorrhage: An International Cohort Study.

Background: Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) in the cerebellum has a poor short-term prognosis, whereas data on the long-term case fatality and recurrent vascular events are sparse. Herewith, we aimed to assess the long-term case fatality and recurrence rate of vascular events after a first cerebellar ICH.

Methods: In this international cohort study, we included patients from 10 hospitals (the United States and Europe from 1997 to 2017) aged ≥18 years with a first spontaneous cerebellar ICH who were discharged alive.

Profiling amyloid-β peptides as biomarkers for cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Brain amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits are key pathological hallmarks of both cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Microvascular deposits in CAA mainly consist of the Aβ peptide, whereas Aβ is the predominant variant in parenchymal plaques in AD. The relevance in pathogenesis and diagnostic accuracy of various other Aβ isoforms in CAA remain understudied.

Cerebrospinal fluid shotgun proteomics identifies distinct proteomic patterns in cerebral amyloid angiopathy rodent models and human patients.

Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a form of small vessel disease characterised by the progressive deposition of amyloid β protein in the cerebral vasculature, inducing symptoms including cognitive impairment and cerebral haemorrhages. Due to their accessibility and homogeneous disease phenotypes, animal models are advantageous platforms to study diseases like CAA. Untargeted proteomics studies of CAA rat models (e.

Association between Antiplatelet Therapy and Changes in Intraplaque Hemorrhage in Patients with Mild to Moderate Symptomatic Carotid Stenosis: A Longitudinal MRI Study.

Introduction: Carotid atherosclerotic intraplaque hemorrhage (IPH) predicts stroke. Patients with a history of stroke are treated with antiplatelet agents to prevent secondary cardiovascular events. A positive association between previous antiplatelet use and IPH was reported in a cross-sectional analysis.

Effects of oral anticoagulation in people with atrial fibrillation after spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage (COCROACH): prospective, individual participant data meta-analysis of randomised trials.

Background: The safety and efficacy of oral anticoagulation for prevention of major adverse cardiovascular events in people with atrial fibrillation and spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage are uncertain. We planned to estimate the effects of starting versus avoiding oral anticoagulation in people with spontaneous intracranial haemorrhage and atrial fibrillation.

Methods: In this prospective meta-analysis, we searched bibliographic databases and trial registries using the strategies of a Cochrane systematic review (CD012144) on June 23, 2023.

Plasma amyloid beta 42 is a biomarker for patients with hereditary, but not sporadic, cerebral amyloid angiopathy.

Background: The diagnosis of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is currently mostly based on characteristics of brain MRI. Blood biomarkers would be a cost-effective, easily accessible diagnostic method that may complement diagnosis by MRI and aid in monitoring disease progression. We studied the diagnostic potential of plasma Aβ38, Aβ40, and Aβ42 in patients with hereditary Dutch-type CAA (D-CAA) and sporadic CAA (sCAA).

The association between perihaematomal oedema and functional outcome after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Perihaematomal oedema (PHO) formation has gained increasing interest as a therapeutic target after spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH). Whether PHO contributes to poor outcome is unclear. We aimed to determine the association between PHO and outcome in patients with spontaneous ICH.

Safety and technical efficacy of early minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery for intracerebral haemorrhage: the Dutch Intracerebral haemorrhage Surgery Trial pilot study.

Background: Previous randomised controlled trials could not demonstrate that surgical evacuation of intracerebral haemorrhage (ICH) improves functional outcome. Increasing evidence suggests that minimally invasive surgery may be beneficial, in particular when performed early after symptom onset. The aim of this study was to investigate safety and technical efficacy of early minimally invasive endoscopy-guided surgery in patients with spontaneous supratentorial ICH.

Iatrogenic Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy Post Neurosurgery: Frequency, Clinical Profile, Radiological Features, and Outcome.

Background: Prion-like transmission of amyloid-ß through cadaveric dura, decades after neurosurgical procedures, has been hypothesized as an iatrogenic cause of cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA). We investigated new and previously described patients to assess the clinical profile, radiological features, and outcome of this presumed iatrogenic CAA-subtype (iCAA).

Methods: Patients were collected from our prospective lobar hemorrhage and CAA database (n=251) with patients presenting to our hospital between 2008 and 2022.

The association between blood pressure variability and perihematomal edema after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage.

Background: Perihematomal edema (PHE) after spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) is associated with clinical deterioration, but the etiology of PHE development is only partly understood.

Aims: We aimed to investigate the association between systemic blood pressure (BP) variability (BPV) and formation of PHE.

Methods: From a multicenter prospective observational study, we selected patients with sICH who underwent 3T brain MRI within 21 days after sICH, and had at least 5 BP measurements available in the first week after sICH.

Cerebrospinal Fluid Panel of Synaptic Proteins in Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy and Alzheimer's Disease.

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) and cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) share pathogenic pathways related to amyloid-β deposition. Whereas AD is known to affect synaptic function, such an association for CAA remains yet unknown.

Objective: We therefore aimed to investigate synaptic dysfunction in CAA.