Prediction of Long-Term Physical, Mental, and Cognitive Problems Following Critical Illness: Development and External Validation of the PROSPECT Prediction Model.

Objectives: ICU survivors often suffer from long-lasting physical, mental, and cognitive health problems after hospital discharge. As several interventions that treat or prevent these problems already start during ICU stay, patients at high risk should be identified early. This study aimed to develop a model for early prediction of post-ICU health problems within 48 hours after ICU admission.

Post-intensive care syndrome in primary care: The development of new diseases and primary care services utilisation - a prospective cohort study.

Background: Patients experience long-lasting health problems defined as post-intensive care syndrome (PICS) after Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. Little is known about PICS in primary care.

Objectives: To investigate whether ICU survivors encounter more new International Classification of Primary Care-2 (ICPC-2) diagnoses and general practitioner (GP) contact compared to patients with similar comorbidity without ICU admission.

MiCare study, an evaluation of structured, multidisciplinary and personalised post-ICU care on physical and psychological functioning, and quality of life of former ICU patients: a study protocol of a stepped-wedge cluster randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Over 70% of the intensive care unit (ICU) survivors suffer from long-lasting physical, mental and cognitive problems after hospital discharge. Post-ICU care is recommended by international guidelines, but evidence for cost-effectiveness lacks. The aim of this study is to evaluate the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of structured, multidisciplinary and personalised post-ICU care versus usual care on physical and psychological functioning and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of ICU survivors, 1- and 2-year post-ICU discharge.

The impact of an intensive care unit admission on the health status of relatives of intensive care survivors: A prospective cohort study in primary care.

Background: Relatives of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors may suffer from various symptoms after ICU admittance of their relative, known as post-intensive care syndrome-family (PICS-F). Studies regarding PICS-F have been performed but its impact in primary care is unknown.

Objectives: To explore health problems of relatives of ICU survivors in primary care.

Diagnostic Accuracy of Skin Cancer by Family Physicians.

Background: Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide. Family physicians (FPs) need to differentiate between nonmalignant and malignant skin conditions, but the diagnostic accuracy of FPs has never been studied in primary care.

Aim: To assess the accuracy of skin cancer diagnoses by FPs.

Mediation of emotional and external eating between dieting and food intake or BMI gain in women.

Objective: Dieting to control body weight is often associated with weight gain, particularly so in women; however, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. In a series of studies on women, we examined whether the relationship between dieting and weight gain can be explained by (serial) mediation of emotional eating (EE) and/or subsequent external eating (EX).

Methods: In a pilot study (116 women), we first assessed this (serial) mediation between dieting or dietary restraint and actual food consumption in the laboratory.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors for prevention or delay of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its associated complications in people at increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) reduce blood glucose levels and may thus prevent or delay type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its associated complications in people at risk of developing of T2DM.

Objectives: To assess the effects of AGI in people with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT), impaired fasting blood glucose (IFG), moderately elevated glycosylated haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) or any combination of these.

Search Methods: We searched CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase, ClinicalTrials.

Incidence, course and risk factors of head injury: a retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: To assess the incidence of head injury and predictors of complication across the care continuum.

Design: Retrospective cohort study using data from a research network. We calculated the incidence of overall head injury in a longitudinal cohort covering 1-year interval (31 369 patient-years), and the incidence of complicated head injury in a longitudinal cohort covering 10 years interval (220 352 patient-ears).

Development and Validation of Search Filters to Identify Articles on Family Medicine in Online Medical Databases.

Physicians and researchers in the field of family medicine often need to find relevant articles in online medical databases for a variety of reasons. Because a search filter may help improve the efficiency and quality of such searches, we aimed to develop and validate search filters to identify research studies of relevance to family medicine. Using a new and objective method for search filter development, we developed and validated 2 search filters for family medicine.

Incidence of neuralgic amyotrophy (Parsonage Turner syndrome) in a primary care setting--a prospective cohort study.

Objective: Neuralgic amyotrophy is considered a rare peripheral nervous system disorder but in practice seems grossly under recognized, which negatively affects care for these patients. In this study we prospectively counted the one-year incidence rate of classic neuralgic amyotrophy in a primary care setting.

Methods: In a prospective cohort study during the year 2012 we registered all new cases of neck, shoulder or arm complaints from two large primary care centers serving a population of 14,118.

[Incidence of neuralgic amyotrophy in a primary care setting: a prospective cohort study].

Objective: To assess the incidence of classic neuralgic amyotrophy (NA) in a primary care setting.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Method: During the year 2012 we registered all new cases of neck, shoulder or arm symptoms from two large primary care centres serving a population of 14,118.

[Sulphonylurea derivatives or insulin with metformin?].

If pharmacological treatment of glycaemia with metformin in patients with type 2 diabetes fails, a second agent is advised, however, the optimal choice is unclear. Most guidelines suggest the addition of sulphonylurea (SU) derivatives as the first option, but sometimes insulin is preferred as there have been doubts concerning the cardiovascular safety of SUs. From a large Veterans Administration (VA) registry study, Roumie et al.

Adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Background: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the most prevalent complication of type 2 diabetes with an estimated 65% of people with type 2 diabetes dying from a cause related to atherosclerosis. Adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists like clopidogrel, ticlopidine, prasugrel and ticagrelor impair platelet aggregation and fibrinogen-mediated platelet cross-linking and may be effective in preventing CVD.

Objectives: To assess the effects of adenosine-diphosphate (ADP) receptor antagonists for the prevention of cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Measurement properties of questionnaires measuring continuity of care: a systematic review.

Background: Continuity of care is widely acknowledged as a core value in family medicine. In this systematic review, we aimed to identify the instruments measuring continuity of care and to assess the quality of their measurement properties.

Methods: We did a systematic review using the PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, with an extensive search strategy including 'continuity of care', 'coordination of care', 'integration of care', 'patient centered care', 'case management' and its linguistic variations.

Generalizability of systematic reviews of the effectiveness of health care interventions to primary health care: concepts, methods and future research.

Background: There is a push to make clinical decision making more evidence based and patient oriented. However, current systematic reviews are limited by the lack of consideration of generalizability.

Objective: To develop a guide for investigators (systematic reviewers) on how to adapt the methodology of a systematic review to facilitate the exploration of the results to primary care.

Diabetes: glycaemic control in type 2 (drug treatments).

Introduction: Diabetes mellitus is a progressive disorder of glucose metabolism. It is estimated that about 285 million people between the ages of 20 and 79 years had diabetes worldwide in 2010, or 5% of the adult population. Type 2 diabetes may occur with obesity, hypertension, and dyslipidaemia (the metabolic syndrome), which are powerful predictors of cardiovascular disease.

Diagnostic accuracy of the ID Migraine: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: The purpose of this systematic review with meta-analysis is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of the identification of migraine (ID Migraine) as a decision rule for identifying patients with migraine.

Background: The ID Migraine screening tool is designed to identify patients with migraine in primary care settings. Several studies have validated the ID Migraine across various clinical settings, including primary care, neurology departments, headache clinics, dental clinics, ear, nose, and throat (ENT) and ophthalmology.

Predicting acute uncomplicated urinary tract infection in women: a systematic review of the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs.

Background: Acute urinary tract infections (UTI) are one of the most common bacterial infections among women presenting to primary care. However, there is a lack of consensus regarding the optimal reference standard threshold for diagnosing UTI. The objective of this systematic review is to determine the diagnostic accuracy of symptoms and signs in women presenting with suspected UTI, across three different reference standards (10(2) or 10(3) or 10(5) CFU/ml).

Medically unexplained symptoms, somatisation disorder and hypochondriasis: course and prognosis. A systematic review.

Objective: To study the course of medically unexplained symptoms (MUS), somatisation disorder, and hypochondriasis, and related prognostic factors. Knowledge of prognostic factors in patients presenting persistent MUS might improve our understanding of the naturalistic course and the identification of patients with a high risk of a chronic course.

Methods: A comprehensive search of Medline, PsycInfo, CINAHL, and EMBASE was performed to select studies focusing on patients with MUS, somatisation disorder, and hypochondriasis, and assessing prognostic factors.

Prevalence of zebras in general practice: data from the Continuous Morbidity Registration Nijmegen.

Objective: To explore the prevalence of rare diseases in the Continuous Morbidity Registration (CMR) Nijmegen, and to discuss methodological difficulties in the study of rare diseases in general practice.

Methods: We selected all diseases with a prevalence <0.5/1000 patients/year between 1986 and 2006 in the CMR, and we compared the results with rare diseases in the Orphanet database of rare diseases.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors in the early treatment of type 2 diabetes.

Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are drugs that inhibit the absorption of carbohydrates from the gut and may be used in the treatment of patients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. There is currently no evidence that AGIs are beneficial to prevent or delay mortality or micro- or macrovascular complications in type 2 diabetes. Its beneficial effects on glycated hemoglobin are comparable to metformin or thiazolidinediones, and probably slightly inferior to sulphonylurea.

Intake of energy is best predicted by overeating tendency and consumption of fat is best predicted by dietary restraint: a 4-year follow-up of patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes.

The present study addressed the possible mediating effects of overeating tendencies in (a) the relationship of dietary restraint with intake of energy and (b) the relationships of changes in dietary restraint and changes in intake of energy and (saturated) fat across a 4-year period. Participants were patients with newly diagnosed Type 2 diabetes. Dietary restraint and overeating tendencies (emotional and external eating) were measured with the Dutch Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (DEBQ).