Treatment of C1.1 (AO-41) tibial plateau fracture: A finite element analysis of single medial, lateral and dual plating.

Bicondylar tibial plateau fractures pose many challenges in surgical treatment. The aim of the present study was to analyze three methods of reduction, single medial, single lateral, and dual plating, for the treatment of a bicondylar tibial plateau fracture, through finite element analysis (FEA). A simple metaphyseal fracture, type C1.

Entropy of Reissner-Nordström 3D Black Hole in Roegenian Economics.

The subject of this paper is to analyse the Mathematical Principia of Economic 3D Black Holes in Roegenian economics. In detail, we study two main problems: (i) mathematical origin of economic 3D black holes; and (ii) entropy and internal political stability depending on national income and the total investment, for economic Reissner-Nordström (RN) 3D black hole. To solve these problems, it was necessary to jump from macroeconomic side to microeconomic side (a substantial approach as they are so different), to complete the thermodynamics-economics dictionary with new entities, and to introduce the flow between two macroeconomic systems.

Stochastic characterization of phase detection algorithms in phase-shifting interferometry.

Phase-shifting interferometry (PSI) is the preferred non-contact method for profiling sub-nanometer surfaces. Based on monochromatic light interference, the method computes the surface profile from a set of interferograms collected at separate stepping positions. Errors in the estimated profile are introduced when these positions are not located correctly.

Self-calibrating lateral scanning white-light interferometer.

Lateral scanning white-light interferometry represents an attractive alternative to the standard white-light interferometry. Its main advantage over the latter procedure consists in the ability to scan large samples continuously, without the need of a cumbersome stitching procedure. Presently, the main drawback in the path of large-scale industrial acceptance of this method is the need for careful calibration of the tilt angle prior to each measurement.

Iterative least square phase-measuring method that tolerates extended finite bandwidth illumination.

Iterative least square phase-measuring techniques address the phase-shifting interferometry issue of sensitivity to vibrations and scanner nonlinearity. In these techniques the wavefront phase and phase steps are determined simultaneously from a single set of phase-shifted fringe frames where the phase shift does not need to have a nominal value or be a priori precisely known. This method is commonly used in laser interferometers in which the contrast of fringes is constant between frames and across the field.