Estimating effective population size using RADseq: Effects of SNP selection and sample size.

Effective population size ( ) is a key parameter of population genetics. However, remains challenging to estimate for natural populations as several factors are likely to bias estimates. These factors include sampling design, sequencing method, and data filtering.

Concentrations of mercury and other trace elements in two offshore skates: sandy ray Leucoraja circularis and shagreen ray L. fullonica.

Trace metal concentrations in muscle and liver tissues from two offshore species of skate were examined. Concentrations of mercury in muscle of Leucoraja circularis (n=20; 23-110.5cm total length, 157-490m water depth) and L.