Thiel cadaver eye as a training model for sub-Tenon's blocks: a feasibility study.

Background: Regional anaesthesia education, especially for ocular procedures, necessitates reliable surgical training models. While cadaveric models offer anatomical fidelity, conventional embalming methods may compromise tissue integrity. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of Thiel cadavers for training in sub-Tenon's blocks by evaluating ocular tissues and measuring insertion forces.

Aflibercept for central retinal vein occlusions: long-term outcomes of a 'Treat-and-Extend' regimen.

Background/aims: This study reports on the long-term functional and anatomical outcomes of patients with central retinal vein occlusion (CRVO) treated under the Bern treat-and-extend (T&E) protocol.

Methods: Observational study. Treatment-naive patients with CRVO and consecutive macular oedema treated with aflibercept were included.

Comparison of Surgical Times Between Manual and Robot-Assisted Epiretinal Membrane Peeling.

Purpose: Epiretinal membranes (ERM) pose a common challenge in vitreoretinal pathology, often causing vision impairment in older adults. The Preceyes Surgical System (PSS) supports the surgical removal of ERM through robot-assisted membrane peeling (RA-MP). This study compares surgical times and iatrogenic hemorrhages between manual membrane peeling (MMP) and RA-MP using PSS.

Robot-Assisted Epiretinal Membrane Peeling: A Prospective Assessment of Pre- and Intra-Operative Times and of Surgeons' Subjective Perceptions.

Purpose: The Preceyes Surgical System (PSS) is a robotic assistive device that may enhance surgical precision. This study assessed pre- and intra-operative times and surgeons' perceptions of robot-assisted epiretinal membrane peeling (RA-MP).

Methods: We analyzed the time requirement of three main tasks: the preparation of the PSS (I), patient preparation (II), and surgery (III).

Heavy silicone oil tamponade: a multicentre experience.

Objective: To report multicentred use of the heavy silicone oil Densiron 68 for anatomical reattachment following rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD) repair and its associated complications.

Methods And Analysis: Patients from seven vitreoretinal units within the UK that underwent RRD repair with Densiron 68 between January 2015 and December 2019 were identified. Primary outcome measures were primary and final reattachment rate, retained Densiron and failure rate.

A Modification of the Inverted Internal Limiting Membrane Flap Technique without Heavy Liquids and Prone Posturing.

Primary closure of large macular holes remains challenging, and variations of inverted inner limiting membrane (ILM) flap surgery have been described. In the present retrospective, interventional, single-centre case series, we propose a superior flap design with minimal posturing. Eight eyes of eight patients (four women and four men) in the period between July 2020 and March 2022 underwent 23 G three-port vitrectomy with a superior inverted ILM flap and 20% SF endotamponade for a full thickness macular hole (MH) by the same experienced surgeon (F.

Incidence of severe rise in intraocular pressure after intravitreous injection of aflibercept with prefilled syringes.

Our aim was to analyze the intraocular pressure (IOP) changes following different intravitreous injection (IVI) procedures with or without prefilled syringes (PFS) and to elaborate their possible causes. Clinical study and laboratory assessment. 173 eyes of 141 patients.

Multimodal Imaging in a Case of Presumed Solitary Circumscribed Retinal Astrocytic Proliferation.

Provisionally referred to as presumed solitary circumscribed retinal astrocytic proliferation (PSCRAP), the lesion is a rare, benign retinal tumour that typically presents as white-yellow, opaque, and well circumscribed. Typically, the lesion is stable or may regress spontaneously. In light of the adjacent pigmentation of the tumour and from our retinal imaging, we suggest that the lesion originates from the deep neurosensory retina or the retinal pigment epithelium.

Retinal Manifestation of an Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Plasma Cell Neoplasm.

We report a case of an uncommon presentation of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated plasma cell neoplasm in a patient with a history of prostate cancer and hairy cell leukemia (HCL) in remission after chemotherapy. The diagnosis of an EBV-associated plasma cell neoplasm was challenging as initially the findings were also compatible with a recurrence of HCL. We highlight the value of diagnostic vitrectomy to achieve the diagnosis.

OCT changes in peri-tumour normal retina following ruthenium-106 and proton beam radiotherapy for uveal melanoma.

Introduction: Uveal melanoma is most commonly treated with radiotherapy, destroying the tumour cells with adequate safety margins and limiting collateral damage to surrounding structures to preserve maximal vision. We used optical coherence tomography (OCT) to study the effects of radiotherapy on the retina.

Methods: Patients with posteriorly located choroidal melanoma treated with proton beam radiotherapy (PBR) and ruthenium-106 brachytherapy between January 2010 and June 2014 underwent spectral domain OCT.

Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) as a new diagnostic tool in uveitis.

Background: The broad spectrum of uveitis disorders requires a multimodal imaging approach in the daily practice of an ophthalmologist. As inflammatory conditions, they have in common an alteration in leukocyte migration. In this context, optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) might be of great value for diagnosing or following up patients with these disorders.

Retinal vessel diameter changes in different severities of diabetic retinopathy by SD-OCT.

Purpose: To evaluate retinal vessel diameters in relation to different severity grades of diabetic retinopathy (DR) using spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT).

Methods: Patients with varying degrees of nonproliferative DR (NPDR) underwent circular OCT scans centered on the optic nerve head using a SD-OCT. These cases were retrospectively reviewed.

Postoperative anatomical and functional outcomes of different stages of high myopia macular hole.

Background: Recently it was suggested that high myopia macular holes (HMMH) and macular holes accompanied by retinal detachment occur in the advanced stages of myopia traction maculopathy (MTM), while macular retinoschisis, shallow retinal detachment without holes, and lamellar macular holes occur in the early stages of MTM. Complete vitreous cortex removal associated with internal limiting membrane peeling is now widely used to treat HMMH. However, it remains uncertain at what HMMH stage patients would benefit most from surgical intervention.

Non-ocular primary malignancies in patients with uveal melanoma: the Liverpool experience.

Aim: To identify the prevalence of self-reported non-ocular primary malignancies in patients at the time of diagnosis with uveal melanoma (UM) and to describe the cohort's characteristics.

Methods: A data query for cases of UM seen at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Centre between January 1993 and May 2014 was performed. Only patients who had UM with other non-ocular primary malignancies were included.

Subretinal fluid in eyes with active ocular toxoplasmosis observed using spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To describe the clinical finding of subretinal fluid (SRF) in the posterior pole by spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in eyes with active ocular toxoplasmosis (OT).

Design: Retrospective case series.

Participants: Thirty-nine eyes from 38 patients with active OT [corrected].

Retinal vessel diameter measurements by spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To describe a spectral domain optical coherence (OCT)-assisted method of measuring retinal vessel diameters.

Methods: All Patients with an OCT circle scan centered at the optic nerve head using a Spectralis OCT (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany) were retrospectively reviewed. Individual retinal vessels were identified on infrared reflectance (IR) images and given unique labels both on IR and spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT).

Effect of anti-VEGF treatment on choroidal thickness over time in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To evaluate change in subfoveal choroidal thickness (SCT) as measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) undergoing anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) therapy.

Methods: Patients with a diagnosis of NVAMD were retrospectively reviewed to identify those who had at least 12 months of follow-up. The SCT was manually measured from Bruch membrane to the choroid-sclera junction at baseline and last follow-up.

An easy method to differentiate retinal arteries from veins by spectral domain optical coherence tomography: retrospective, observational case series.

Background: Recently it was shown that retinal vessel diameters could be measured using spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT). It has also been suggested that retinal vessels manifest different features on spectral domain OCT (SD-OCT) depending on whether they are arteries or veins. Our study was aimed to present a reliable SD-OCT assisted method of differentiating retinal arteries from veins.

Evaluation of cystoid change phenotypes in ocular toxoplasmosis using optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To present unique cystoid changes occurring in patients with ocular toxoplasmosis observed in spectral domain optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Methods: Forty-six patients (80 eyes) with a diagnosis of ocular toxoplasmosis, who underwent volume OCT examination between January 2005 and October 2012, were retrospectively collected. Review of clinical examination findings, fundus photographs, fluorescein angiograms (FA) and OCT image sets obtained at initial visits and follow-up.

Clinical outcomes after switching treatment from intravitreal ranibizumab to aflibercept in neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To describe the treatment response to aflibercept in patients with exudative age-related macular degeneration that showed insufficient or diminishing treatment effects under ranibizumab.

Methods: From December 2012 till June 2013 all patients receiving intravitreal injections of aflibercept after previous treatment with ranibizumab were collected in a database and retrospectively reviewed. Clinical data such as visual acuity or central subfield retinal thickness on optical coherence tomography (OCT) scans were analyzed for the time frame before, during, and shortly after the aflibercept injections.

Optical coherence tomographic correlates of angiographic subtypes of occult choroidal neovascularization.

Purpose: To compare the optical coherence tomographic (OCT) correlates of two previously described angiographic subtypes of occult choroidal neovascularization (CNV).

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed 17 consecutive patients with previously untreated occult CNV who underwent both fluorescein angiography (FA) and volume spectral domain (SD)-OCT imaging on the same visit. Planimetric grading was performed on the FA images by certified reading center graders to precisely outline the boundaries of the fibrovascular pigment epithelial detachment (FVPED) and/or late leakage of undetermined source (LLUS) components of occult CNV for each case.

Drusen measurements comparison by fundus photograph manual delineation versus optical coherence tomography retinal pigment epithelial segmentation automated analysis.

Purpose: To compare drusen measurements obtained from color fundus and infrared retromode photographs with those derived from spectral-domain optical coherence tomography.

Methods: Drusen lesions identified on the planar (color and infrared) imaging modalities were manually segmented by two independent graders using previously described reading center software to produce quantitative measurements of drusen area and number. The corresponding volume Cirrus OCT datasets were analyzed using commercial retinal pigment epithelium analysis algorithms to segment the retinal pigment epithelium band and estimated the drusen area.

The retinal disease screening study: retrospective comparison of nonmydriatic fundus photography and three-dimensional optical coherence tomography for detection of retinal irregularities.

Purpose: To determine the sensitivity of three-dimensional optical coherence tomography (3D-OCT) versus single field nonmydriatic fundus photography (FP) for detection of a variety of retinal abnormalities.

Methods: Images from consecutive patients in a retina clinic undergoing simultaneous 3D-OCT (512 × 128) and single, foveal nonmydriatic 45° color fundus imaging with 3D-OCT-1000 in a 4 month-period were retrospectively collected. Findings from each modality were graded independently by two graders as present, questionable, or absent.

Optical coherence tomography-based observation of the natural history of drusenoid lesion in eyes with dry age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: To use spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) to investigate risk factors predictive for the development of atrophy of drusenoid lesions (DLs) (drusen and drusenoid pigment epithelium detachment) in eyes with non-neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NNVAMD).

Design: Cohort study.

Participants: Forty-one eyes from 29 patients with NNVAMD.