Organic Nitrogen Supplementation Increases Vegetative and Reproductive Biomass in a Versatile White Rot Fungus.

The Black Poplar Mushroom (syn. ) is a white-rot fungus that naturally fruits from woody substrates, including buried wood. It is known for its substrate versatility and is equipped with a respective carbohydrate-active enzyme repertoire being intermediate between typical white-rot fungi and plant litter decomposers.

Transcriptional response of mushrooms to artificial sun exposure.

Climate change causes increased tree mortality leading to canopy loss and thus sun-exposed forest floors. Sun exposure creates extreme temperatures and radiation, with potentially more drastic effects on forest organisms than the current increase in mean temperature. Such conditions might potentially negatively affect the maturation of mushrooms of forest fungi.

The Pacific Tree-Parasitic Fungus Exhibits Monokaryotic Fruiting, Showing Phenotypes Known from Bracket Fungi and from .

is a wood-destroying parasitic edible mushroom growing on diverse broad-leafed trees in New Zealand and other Pacific areas. Recent molecular systematics of European , a newly delimited Asian phylum and of related species, corroborated the distinction of the chiefly saprobic cultivated edible mushroom from . Here, we show that exhibits a morpho-physiological trait characteristic to its European cousin, i.

Transcriptome of different fruiting stages in the cultivated mushroom Cyclocybe aegerita suggests a complex regulation of fruiting and reveals enzymes putatively involved in fungal oxylipin biosynthesis.

Background: Cyclocybe aegerita (syn. Agrocybe aegerita) is a commercially cultivated mushroom. Its archetypal agaric morphology and its ability to undergo its whole life cycle under laboratory conditions makes this fungus a well-suited model for studying fruiting body (basidiome, basidiocarp) development.

Identification of Feldin, an Antifungal Polyyne from the Beefsteak Fungus .

Fruiting body-forming members of the Basidiomycota maintain their ecological fitness against various antagonists like ascomycetous mycoparasites. To achieve that, they produce myriads of bioactive compounds, some of which are now being used as agrochemicals or pharmaceutical lead structures. Here, we screened ethyl acetate crude extracts from cultures of thirty-five mushroom species for antifungal bioactivity, for their effect on the ascomycete and the basidiomycete .

Multilocus phylogeny- and fruiting feature-assisted delimitation of European from a new Asian species complex and related species.

(synonym: ) is a widely cultivated edible and reportedly almost cosmopolitan mushroom species that serves as a model fungus for basidiome formation and as producer of useful natural products and enzymes. Focusing on strains from different continents, here, we present a phylogenetic analysis of this species and some adjacent taxa that employs four phylogenetic markers. In addition, we tested the strains' capability to fructify on agar media.

Volatilomes of Cyclocybe aegerita during different stages of monokaryotic and dikaryotic fruiting.

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) are characteristic for different fungal species. However, little is known about VOC changes during development and their biological role. Therefore, we established a laboratory cultivation system in modified crystallizing dishes for analyzing VOC during fruiting body development of the dikaryotic strain Cyclocybe aegerita AAE-3 as well as four monokaryotic offspring siblings exhibiting different fruiting phenotypes.

Heterologous Production and Functional Characterization of Ageritin, a Novel Type of Ribotoxin Highly Expressed during Fruiting of the Edible Mushroom Agrocybe aegerita.

Fungi produce various defense proteins against antagonists, including ribotoxins. These toxins cleave a single phosphodiester bond within the universally conserved sarcin-ricin loop of ribosomes and inhibit protein biosynthesis. Here, we report on the structure and function of ageritin, a previously reported ribotoxin from the edible mushroom The amino acid sequence of ageritin was derived from cDNA isolated from the dikaryon AAE-3 and lacks, according to prediction, a signal peptide for classical secretion, predicting a cytoplasmic localization of the protein.

New terpenoids from the fermentation broth of the edible mushroom .

The strophariaceous basidiomycete (synonyms and ) is one of the most praised cultivated edible mushrooms and is being cultivated at large scale for food production. Furthermore, the fungus serves as a model organism to study fruiting body formation and the production of secondary metabolites during the life cycle of Basidiomycota. By studying the secondary metabolite profiles of , we found several terpenoids in submerged cultures.

Exploring molecular tools for transformation and gene expression in the cultivated edible mushroom Agrocybe aegerita.

Agrocybe aegerita is a cultivated edible mushroom in numerous countries, which also serves as a model basidiomycete to study fruiting body formation. Aiming to create an easily expandable customised molecular toolset for transformation and constitutive gene of interest expression, we first created a homologous dominant marker for transformant selection. Progeny monokaryons of the genome-sequenced dikaryon A.

The genome sequence of the commercially cultivated mushroom Agrocybe aegerita reveals a conserved repertoire of fruiting-related genes and a versatile suite of biopolymer-degrading enzymes.

Background: Agrocybe aegerita is an agaricomycete fungus with typical mushroom features, which is commercially cultivated for its culinary use. In nature, it is a saprotrophic or facultative pathogenic fungus causing a white-rot of hardwood in forests of warm and mild climate. The ease of cultivation and fructification on solidified media as well as its archetypal mushroom fruit body morphology render A.

Distinguishing commercially grown Ganoderma lucidum from Ganoderma lingzhi from Europe and East Asia on the basis of morphology, molecular phylogeny, and triterpenic acid profiles.

In China and other countries of East Asia, so-called Ling-zhi or Reishi mushrooms are used in traditional medicine since several centuries. Although the common practice to apply the originally European name 'Ganoderma lucidum' to these fungi has been questioned by several taxonomists, this is still generally done in recent publications and with commercially cultivated strains. In the present study, two commercially sold strains of 'G.

A central role for Ras1 in morphogenesis of the basidiomycete Schizophyllum commune.

Fungi have been used as model systems to define general processes in eukaryotes, for example, the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis, as well as to study polar growth or pathogenesis. Here, we show a central role for the regulator protein Ras in a mushroom-forming, filamentous basidiomycete linking growth, pheromone signaling, sexual development, and meiosis to different signal transduction pathways. ras1 and Ras-specific gap1 mutants were generated and used to modify the intracellular activation state of the Ras module.

Factors supporting cysteine tolerance and sulfite production in Candida albicans.

The amino acid cysteine has long been known to be toxic at elevated levels for bacteria, fungi, and humans. However, mechanisms of cysteine tolerance in microbes remain largely obscure. Here we show that the human pathogenic yeast Candida albicans excretes sulfite when confronted with increasing cysteine concentrations.

Differential interaction of the two related fungal species Candida albicans and Candida dubliniensis with human neutrophils.

Candida albicans, the most common facultative human pathogenic fungus is of major medical importance, whereas the closely related species Candida dubliniensis is less virulent and rarely causes life-threatening, systemic infections. Little is known, however, about the reasons for this difference in pathogenicity, and especially on the interactions of C. dubliniensis with the human immune system.

Microbial quorum-sensing molecules induce acrosome loss and cell death in human spermatozoa.

Infertility in men and women is frequently associated with genital contamination by various commensal or uropathogenic microbes. Since many microorganisms are known to release quorum-sensing signals in substantial amounts, we raised the question whether such molecules can directly affect human spermatozoa. Here we show that farnesol and 3-oxododecanoyl-l-homoserine lactone, employed by the opportunistic pathogenic yeast Candida albicans and the gram-negative bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively, induce multiple damage in spermatozoa.