Optimal Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Treatment of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Reduces Daytime Resting Heart Rate in Prediabetes: A Randomized Controlled Study.

Background It has been widely recognized that obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to cardiovascular disease. Yet, randomized controlled studies failed to demonstrate a clear cardiovascular benefit from OSA treatment, mainly because of poor adherence to continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP). To date, no prior study has assessed the effect of CPAP treatment on daytime resting heart rate, a strong predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality.

Nicotine increases sleep spindle activity.

Studies have shown that both nicotine and sleep spindles are associated with enhanced memorisation. Further, a few recent studies have shown how cholinergic input through nicotinic and muscarinic receptors can trigger or modulate sleep processes in general, and sleep spindles in particular. To better understand the interaction between nicotine and sleep spindles, we compared in a single blind randomised study the characteristics of sleep spindles in 10 healthy participants recorded for 2 nights, one with a nicotine patch and one with a sham patch.

Sleep restriction increases free fatty acids in healthy men.

Aims/hypothesis: Sleep loss is associated with insulin resistance and an increased risk for type 2 diabetes, yet underlying mechanisms are not understood. Elevation of circulating non-esterified (i.e.

The effects of extended bedtimes on sleep duration and food desire in overweight young adults: a home-based intervention.

Introduction:  Sleep curtailment is an endemic behavior in modern society. Well-controlled laboratory studies have shown that sleep loss in young adults is associated with increased desire for high-calorie food and obesity risk. However, the relevance of these laboratory findings to real life is uncertain.

Detection of cortical slow waves in the sleep EEG using a modified matching pursuit method with a restricted dictionary.

In this paper, an innovative knowledge-based methodological framework to detect sleep slow waves (SSW) in the human sleep electroencephalogram (EEG) is proposed. Based on a restricted matching pursuit (RMP) algorithm, automatic pattern recognition of SSW is implemented using a small dictionary of Gabor functions modeling the target waveform morphological characteristics. The method describes EEG signals in terms of SSW properties and provides detection thresholds based on the largest MP coefficients.

Temporal disorganization of circadian rhythmicity and sleep-wake regulation in mechanically ventilated patients receiving continuous intravenous sedation.

Objectives: Sleep is regulated by circadian and homeostatic processes and is highly organized temporally. Our study was designed to determine whether this organization is preserved in patients receiving mechanical ventilation (MV) and intravenous sedation.

Design: Observational study.

Automated detection of sleep EEG slow waves based on matching pursuit using a restricted dictionary.

In this paper, an original method to detect sleep slow waves (SSW) in electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings is proposed. This method takes advantage of a Matching Pursuit algorithm using a dictionary reduced to Gabor functions reproducing the main targeted waveform characteristics. By describing the EEG signals in terms of SSW properties, the corresponding algorithm is able to identify waveforms based on the largest matching coefficients.

Treatment of obstructive sleep apnea improves cardiometabolic function in young obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Context: Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) are insulin resistant and have a high risk of early-onset diabetes and cardiovascular disease. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) has adverse cardiometabolic consequences and is highly prevalent in women with PCOS. We sought to determine whether continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment of OSA has beneficial effects on cardiometabolic function in PCOS.

Time of night and first night effects on arousal response in healthy adults.

Objective: Several factors, such as homeostatic and circadian influences, may affect the density of cortical and subcortical arousals (AR). The purpose of this study was to examine the time-of-night and the first night effect on AR response.

Methods: AR were classified into microarousals (MA), phases of transitory activation (PAT), delta (D-burst) and K-complex burst (K-burst).

Hypocretin and human African trypanosomiasis.

Objectives: To detail clinical and polysomnographic characteristics in patients affected with Trypanosoma brucei gambiense (Tb.g.) human African trypanosomiasis (HAT) at different stages of evolution and to measure and compare cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of hypocretin-1 with narcoleptic patients and neurologic controls.

Major depressive disorder, sleep EEG and agomelatine: an open-label study.

This open study evaluates the effect of agomelatine, a melatonergic receptor agonist and 5-HT2C antagonist antidepressant, on sleep architecture in patients suffering from major depressive disorder. Fifteen outpatients with a baseline HAMD score > or = 20 were treated with 25 mg/d agomelatine for 42 d. Polysomographic studies were performed at baseline, day 7, day 14, and day 42.

Sleep structure: a new diagnostic tool for stage determination in sleeping sickness.

Human African trypanosomiasis (HAT), due to the transmission of Trypanosoma brucei (T. b.) gambiense and T.

Effects of sleep deprivation on spontaneous arousals in humans.

Study Objectives: The hierarchical definition of arousals from sleep includes a range of physiologic responses including microarousals, delta and K-complex bursts, and variations in autonomic system. Whether patterns in slow-wave electroencephalographic activity and autonomic activation are primary forms of arousal response can be addressed by studying effects of total sleep deprivation. We therefore examined changes in arousal density during recovery sleep in healthy subjects.

Heart rate activation during spontaneous arousals from sleep: effect of sleep deprivation.

Objective: Arousal (AR) from sleep is associated with an autonomic reflex activation raising blood pressure and heart rate (HR). Recent studies indicate that sleep deprivation may affect the autonomic system, contributing to high vascular risk. Since in sleep disorders a sleep fragmentation and a partial sleep deprivation occurs, it could be suggested that the cardiovascular effects observed at AR from sleep might be physiologically affected when associated with sleep deprivation.

Twenty-four-hour disruption of the sleep-wake cycle and sleep-onset REM-like episodes in a rat model of African trypanosomiasis.

Study Objectives: Patients with human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness) due to the inoculation of Trypanosoma brucei gambiense or rhodesiense show a major disruption of the 24-hour sleep-wake distribution, accompanied by the occurrence of sleep-onset rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep episodes, proportional to the severity of the illness. Although animal models of human African trypanosomiasis have been developed to understand the pathogenic mechanisms leading to immune alterations, the development of an animal model featuring the alterations of endogenous biologic rhythms remains a necessity.

Animals: Sprague-Dawley rats (N = 10) entrained to a 12:12-hour dark-light regimen.

Daytime sleepiness during Ramadan intermittent fasting: polysomnographic and quantitative waking EEG study.

During the lunar month of Ramadan, Muslims abstain from eating, drinking and smoking from sunrise to sunset. We reported previously that Ramadan provokes a shortening in nocturnal total sleep time by 40 min, an increase in sleep latency, and a decrease in slow-wave sleep (SWS) and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep duration during Ramadan. During the same study, the effects of Ramadan intermittent fasting on daytime sleepiness were also investigated in eight healthy young male subjects using a quantitative waking electroencephalograph (EEG) analysis following the multiple sleep latency test (MSLT) procedure.

Distinctive effects of modafinil and d-amphetamine on the homeostatic and circadian modulation of the human waking EEG.

Rationale: Modafinil is a wake-promoting agent that affects hypothalamic structures involved in the homeostatic and circadian regulation of vigilance. Administered during sleep deprivation, it reduces the need for prolonged recovery sleep and decreases the rebound in EEG slow-wave activity. These diachronic effects suggest an action of modafinil on a homeostatic sleep regulatory process.