Longitudinal associations between biomarkers of inflammation and changes in depressive symptoms in patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes.

Background: Depressive disorders represent a frequent comorbidity of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). Subclinical inflammation increases the risk of depressive symptoms in the general population, but the relationship appears complex and bidirectional, and longitudinal data from patients with diabetes are lacking. Therefore, this study aimed to analyse associations between changes in depressive symptoms and changes in biomarkers of inflammation in patients with T1D and T2D and to investigate the hypothesis that higher baseline levels of biomarkers of inflammation are related to a less pronounced reduction of depressive symptoms over time.

Association between pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and depressive symptoms in patients with diabetes-potential differences by diabetes type and depression scores.

Subclinical inflammation has been implicated in the development of depression, a common comorbidity of type 1 diabetes (T1D) and type 2 diabetes (T2D). This study aimed to characterise the relationships between biomarkers of inflammation and depressive symptoms in T1D and T2D. Biomarkers of inflammation were measured in serum of participants with elevated depressive symptoms and T1D (n = 389, mean age 38 years, diabetes duration 15 ± 11 years) or T2D (n = 204, mean age 56 years, diabetes duration 13 ± 8 years).