Consenso mexicano de tirosinemia tipo 1.

Introduction: Tyrosinemia type 1 is a rare disease with autosomal recessive inheritance, featuring various clinical manifestations. These may encompass acute neonatal liver failure, neonatal cholestatic syndrome, chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hepatocellular carcinoma, and, alternatively, kidney disorders like renal tubular acidosis, Fanconi syndrome, hypophosphatemic rickets, among other alterations. Diagnosis relies on detecting toxic metabolites in the blood and urine, ideally confirmed through molecular testing.

Consensus document on acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF) established by the Mexican Association of Hepatology.

Acute-on chronic liver failure (ACLF) has been an intensively debated topic mainly due to the lack of a unified definition and diagnostic criteria. The growing number of publications describing the mechanisms of ACLF development, the progression of the disease, outcomes and treatment has contributed to a better understanding of the disease, however, it has also sparked the debate about this condition. As an attempt to provide medical professionals with a more uniform definition that could be applied to our population, the first Mexican consensus was performed by a panel of experts in the area of hepatology in Mexico.

The Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología consensus on the diagnosis and treatment of acute pancreatitis in children and adolescents.

Acute pancreatitis (AP) and recurrent acute pancreatitis (RAP) are conditions, whose incidence is apparently on the rise. Despite the ever-increasing evidence regarding the management of AP in children and adults, therapeutic actions that could potentially affect having a poor prognosis in those patients, especially in the pediatric population, continue to be carried out. Therefore, the Asociación Mexicana de Gastroenterología convened a group of 24 expert pediatric gastroenterologists from different institutions and areas of Mexico, as well as 2 pediatric nutritionists and 2 specialists in pediatric surgery, to discuss different aspects of the epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment of AP and RAP in the pediatric population.

Consensus on the management of complications of cirrhosis of the liver in pediatrics.

The Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. carried out the Consensus on the Management of Complications of Cirrhosis of the Liver in Pediatrics to provide physicians with useful information for treating said complications.

Approach to the patient with cholestasis and jaundice syndrome. Joint AMH, AMG, and AMEG scientific position statement.

The term cholestasis refers to bile acid retention, whether within the hepatocyte or in the bile ducts of any caliber. Biochemically, it is defined by a level of alkaline phosphatase that is 1.67-times higher than the upper limit of normal.

Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. Clinical guideline on hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized.

Asociación Mexicana de Hepatología A.C. Clinical guideline on hepatitis B.

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection continues to be a worldwide public health problem. In Mexico, at least three million adults are estimated to have acquired hepatitis B (total hepatitis B core antibody [anti-HBc]-positive), and of those, 300,000 active carriers (hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]-positive) could require treatment. Because HBV is preventable through vaccination, its universal application should be emphasized.

The Mexican consensus on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects nearly one third of the population worldwide. Mexico is one of the countries whose population has several risk factors for the disease and its prevalence could surpass 50%. If immediate action is not taken to counteract what is now considered a national health problem, the medium-term panorama will be very bleak.

The Mexican consensus on the treatment of hepatitis C.

The aim of the Mexican Consensus on the Treatment of HepatitisC was to develop clinical practice guidelines applicable to Mexico. The expert opinion of specialists in the following areas was taken into account: gastroenterology, infectious diseases, and hepatology. A search of the medical literature was carried out on the MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CENTRAL databases through keywords related to hepatitisC treatment.

[Colorimetric card use for early detection visual biliary atresia].

Background: Bile duct atresia (BVA) is a condition that causes obstruction to biliary flow, not corrected surgically, causes cirrhosis and death before 2 years of age. In Mexico from 2013 the visual colorimetric card (VVC) was incorporated for the timely detection of BVA to the National Health Card (NHC). The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of VCT for the detection of BVA before and after the use of NHC incorporation.

Mexican consensus on lysosomal acid lipase deficiency diagnosis.

Introduction: Lysosomal acid lipase deficiency (LAL-D) causes progressive cholesteryl ester and triglyceride accumulation in the lysosomes of hepatocytes and monocyte-macrophage system cells, resulting in a systemic disease with various manifestations that may go unnoticed. It is indispensable to recognize the deficiency, which can present in patients at any age, so that specific treatment can be given. The aim of the present review was to offer a guide for physicians in understanding the fundamental diagnostic aspects of LAL-D, to successfully aid in its identification.

The Mexican consensus on probiotics in gastroenterology.

Introduction: Probiotics are frequently prescribed in clinical practice. Their efficacy in treating gastrointestinal disorders is supported by a significant number of clinical trials. However, the correct prescription of these agents is hampered due to a lack of knowledge of the scientific evidence and to the different presentations and microbial compositions of the probiotics that are currently available.

[Prognostic factors related to mortality of children with atresia of bile ducts].

Background: The biliary atresia (BA) is the end result of a destructive and idiopathic inflammatory process affecting the intrahepatic and extrahepatic bile ducts, leading to fibrosis and biliary cirrhosis. The objective was to identify factors associated with mortality in children with BA.

Methods: Observational, longitudinal, analytical and retrospective study carried out in patients with biliary atresia treated between 2008 and 2012 in a tertiary care hospital from the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.

[Guía latinoamericana para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de alergia a las proteínas de la leche de vaca (GL-APLV)].

Cow's milk allergy (CMA) is an immune-based disease that has become an increasing problem. The diagnosis and management of CMA varies from one clinical setting to another and represents a challenge in pediatric practice. In addition, because nonallergic food reactions can be confused with CMA symptoms, there is an overdiagnosis of the disease.

[Risk for the development of upper gastrointestinal bleeding in children in an intensive care unit].

Background: Although gastrointestinal tract bleeding can occur at any age, most studies trying to establish causes or risk factors for its development have been conducted in adults. The aim of this study was to determine risk factors in children admitted in a pediatric intensive care unit.

Methods: A retrospective case-control study was conducted.

[Characteristics of pediatric patients with biliary lithiasis. Immediate post-operative evolution].

Background: Biliary lithiasis is a disease that is rarely diagnosed in children; in Mexico, its prevalence is less than 1 %. Due to the scarcity of investigations addressing epidemiology and surgical outcomes in pediatric patients, our purpose was to establish the epidemiology and post-operative course in children with biliary lithiasis.

Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted.

Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of extrahepatic portal vein obstruction (EHPVO) in children.

Introduction: Extrahepatic portal vein obstruction is an important cause of portal hypertension among children. The etiology is heterogeneous and there are few evidences related to the optimal treatment.

Aim And Methods: To establish guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of EHPVO in children, a group of gastroenterologists and pediatric surgery experts reviewed and analyzed data reported in the literature and issued evidence-based recommendations.

Non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis in chronic liver disease in a group of Mexican children. A multicenter study.

Introduction: Identifying liver fibrosis is important to evaluate the severity of liver damage and to establish a prognosis. Utility of non-invasive markers of liver fibrosis has been proved in adults but there are few reports in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate Fibrotest® score and APRI suitability to identify children with liver fibrosis.

Acute pancreatitis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia treated with L-asparaginase.

Background: L-asparaginase (L-asp) is used as part of the initial treatment in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), inducing remission in 83% to 95% of the treated patients. Major toxicity effects reported are hypersensitivity reactions and dysfunctions of the liver and pancreas. Acute pancreatitis (AP) induced by L-asp has been noted in 2.

Frequency of increased aminotransferases levels and associated metabolic abnormalities in obese and overweight children of an elementary school in Mexico City.

Background: Elevated ALT is an indirect marker of NAFLD in patients with non-alcohol abuse and without other known causes of chronic hepatitis. Obesity, type 2 diabetes and some dyslipidemias are associated to this condition. The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of increased aminotransferases and associated metabolic anomalies among overweight and obese children.

[Intestinal arteriovenous malformations in children].

Four children with arteriovenous malformation were studied during a two year period (1989-1991). The main localization of these arteriovenous malformations were: sigmoid rectum, ascending colon, terminal ileum and apoendix. The diagnosis was made with colonoscopy and arteriography.

[Pancreatic pseudocyst. A case report and review of the literature].

This is the case of a 15 year old adolescent girl who refers recurrent chronic abdominal pain for a period of three months. She was diagnosed as having a chronic pancreatic pseudocyst, seen as a complication of an episode of hemorrhage acute pancreatitis secondary to the administration of L-asparaginase for the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The abdominal ultrasonography allowed for a pre-operatory diagnosis to be made.

[Epiploon cysts. Report of 2 cases].

This report includes two cases of omental cysts, with detailed clinical and radiological findings. The main clinical finding in these patients was a massive cystic growth, producing an increase in abdominal volume undistinguishable from ascites. In both cases the preoperative diagnosis was done using abdominal ultrasonography.