Geographic, Sociodemographic, and Clinical Factors Associated With Parental Self-Efficacy in Pediatric Patients With Hearing Loss.

Objective: To identify geographic, sociodemographic, and clinical factors associated with parental self-efficacy in a diverse cohort of deaf or hard-of-hearing (DHH) children.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Tertiary children's hospital.

Differences in Hearing Devices and Speech Therapy Utilization Between Children With Permanent Unilateral Versus Bilateral Hearing Loss.

Objectives: In this study, we aimed to describe differences in diagnosis and both auditory and speech/language intervention utilization between children with permanent unilateral hearing loss as compared with bilateral hearing loss.

Design: A retrospective cohort study was performed of children evaluated in a multidisciplinary hearing loss clinic at a tertiary care pediatric hospital. Children aged 0 to 18 years with either permanent unilateral or bilateral hearing loss were included.

Understanding Barriers to Timely Diagnosis and Intervention Among Immigrant Children With Hearing Loss.

Objective: Identify the age at diagnosis and intervention of immigrant and/or non-English-speaking children with hearing loss (HL) and risk factors associated with delays. Identify barriers for non-English-speaking caregivers of deaf/hard-of-hearing children.

Study Design: Sequential mixed methods.

Impact of Genetic Testing on Hearing Interventions.

Objective: Clinical guidelines recommend genetic testing when evaluating congenital and late-onset sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Genetic diagnoses can provide parents additional information regarding anticipated hearing loss progression, comorbid conditions, and family planning. Additionally, obtaining a genetic diagnosis may increase parental acceptance of hearing loss and subsequent pursuit of intervention.

Age related changes in gait variability, asymmetry, and bilateral coordination - When does deterioration starts?

Background: Gait pattern coordination is affected by several factors (e.g., neurodegeneration), while aging is known to have a significant negative impact.

Disparities in Speech and Language Delay Among Children With Aural Atresia.

Objective: To describe risk factors for speech and language delay in a diverse population of children with aural atresia.

Methods: Retrospective chart review was performed from 2012 to 2020 at UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital to identify children with aural atresia evaluated for speech, language, or auditory skills delays. Ninety-five children with aural atresia, conductive hearing loss, and assessment of speech, language, or auditory skills delay were included.

Early surgical and audiologic outcomes of active, transcutaneous, osseointegrated bone-conduction hearing device (Osia 2® system) placement.

Objective: To assess the outcomes of pediatric Osia 2® System placements.

Methods: We performed a retrospective chart review of primary and revision Osia 2® System surgical cases at two tertiary academic children's hospitals. Operative details and post-operative surgical and audiologic outcomes were recorded.

Racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic efficacy of comprehensive genetic testing for sensorineural hearing loss.

Understanding racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic rates of genetic testing is critical for health equity. We sought to understand the extent and cause of racial and ethnic disparities in diagnostic efficacy of comprehensive genetic testing (CGT) for sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). We performed a retrospective cohort study at two tertiary children's hospitals on a diverse cohort of 240 consecutive pediatric patients (76% publicly insured, 82% non-White) with SNHL of unknown etiology who underwent CGT.

Racial and ethnic disparities in genetic testing for hearing loss: a systematic review and synthesis.

Racial/ethnic disparities in the diagnostic efficacy of genetic testing for hearing loss have been described. These disparities may relate to differences in variant classification between different racial/ethnic groups, which may, in turn, derive from disparate representation of these groups in the published literature. We sought to quantify racial/ethnic disparities in the published literature on the human genetics of hearing loss.

Access Challenge Index: A Novel Disparity Measure Predictive of Language Outcomes in Children Who Are Deaf/Hard of Hearing.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of demographic disparities on language outcomes in a diverse group of children who are deaf or hard of hearing.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: UCSF Benioff Children's Hospital (a tertiary care center).

Binaural loudness summation for speech presented via earphones and loudspeaker with and without visual cues.

Preliminary data [M. Epstein and M. Florentine, Ear.

Testing the binaural equal-loudness-ratio hypothesis with hearing-impaired listeners.

The primary purpose of the present experiment was to test whether the binaural equal-loudness-ratio hypothesis (i.e., the loudness ratio between monaural and binaural tones presented at the same Sound Pressure Level, SPL, is independent of SPL) holds for hearing-impaired listeners with bilaterally symmetrical hearing losses.

Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma presenting as chorea in childhood.

A 5-year-old boy presented with acute onset of chorea and dysarthria. During his workup, a heart murmur was noted. Echocardiography revealed multiple mobile masses in the left ventricular outflow tract related to the mitral valve.

Binaural loudness summation for speech and tones presented via earphones and loudspeakers.

Objectives: Literature reviews of binaural loudness summation assume nearly perfect summation (i.e., a tone presented binaurally is assumed to be twice as loud as the same tone presented monaurally).

Loudness growth in individual listeners with hearing losses: a review.

This letter reanalyzes data from the literature in order to test two loudness-growth models for listeners with hearing losses of primarily cochlear origin: rapid growth and softness imperception. Five different studies using different methods to obtain individual loudness functions were used: absolute magnitude estimation, cross-modality matching with string length, categorical loudness scaling, loudness functions derived from binaural loudness summation, and loudness functions derived from spectral summation of loudness. Results from each of the methods show large individual differences.

A test of the binaural equal-loudness-ratio hypothesis for tones.

It is well known that a tone presented binaurally is louder than the same tone presented monaurally. It is less clear how this loudness ratio changes as a function of level. The present experiment was designed to directly test the Binaural Equal-Loudness-Ratio hypothesis (BELRH), which states that the loudness ratio between equal-SPL monaural and binaural tones is independent of SPL.

Effect of adaptive psychophysical procedure on loudness matches.

Large variability in equal-loudness matches has been observed across studies. The purpose of the present study was to gain insight into the extent to which this variability results from differences in psychophysical procedures and/or differences among listeners. Four adaptive two-interval, two-alternatives-forced-choice procedures were used to obtain equal-loudness matches between 5- and 200-ms 1-kHz tones as a function of level for each of six normal listeners.

Monaural and binaural loudness of 5- and 200-ms tones in normal and impaired hearing.

The difference in level required to match monaural and binaural loudness of 5- and 200-ms tones was measured for listeners with normal and impaired hearing. Stimuli were 1-kHz tones presented at levels ranging from 10 to 90 dB sensation level. Sixteen listeners (eight normal and eight with losses of primarily cochlear origin) made loudness matches between equal-duration monaural and binaural tones using an adaptive 2AFC procedure.

Reaction time to 1- and 4-kHz tones as a function of sensation level in listeners with normal hearing.

Objective: Measures of reaction time (RT) near threshold have been used to indicate whether listeners with hearing losses of primarily cochlear origin experience greater loudness at elevated thresholds than at normal thresholds. These measurements have been based on the assumption that RTs near threshold are not affected by stimulus frequency in the 1- to 4-kHz range. The present study tests this hypothesis.

Loudness of brief tones measured by magnitude estimation and loudness matching.

McFadden [J. Acoust. Soc.

Effect of masker-fringe onset asynchrony on overshoot (L).

The study examines how overshoot is influenced by masker-signal onset asynchrony when the masker contains frequencies above or below the signal frequency. Masked thresholds were measured for a 2-ms tone at 5 kHz. The measurements were made in a reference condition with a narrow center-band (CB) noise masker (4590-5464 Hz), and in conditions with either a low-fringe (1900-4590 Hz) or a high-fringe noise band (5500-11 000 Hz) added to the CB.

A test of the equal-loudness-ratio hypothesis using cross-modality matching functions.

This study tests the Equal-Loudness-Ratio hypothesis [Florentine et al., J. Acoust.

Inferring basilar-membrane motion from tone-burst otoacoustic emissions and psychoacoustic measurements.

The amplitude of otoacoustic emissions, which arise on the basilar membrane, is assumed to be proportional to basilar-membrane motion. It should then be possible to assess basilar-membrane motion on the basis of otoacoustic emissions. The present study provides support for this possibility by comparing basilar-membrane motion inferred from emissions to that inferred from psychoacoustic measures.

Spectral loudness summation and simple reaction time.

The present study evaluates the relation between loudness and simple reaction time (RT). Loudness matches between a narrowband noise (125 Hz wide) and a broadband noise (1500 Hz) were made at levels from near threshold to near 100 dB SPL. Over a similarly wide range of levels, RT to each of the noise bands was also measured.

The effects of window delay, delinearization, and frequency on tone-burst otoacoustic emission input/output measurements.

Tone-burst otoacoustic emissions (TBOAEs) are a potential tool for objectively examining cochlear activity in humans. However, their use requires knowledge of how the TBOAE input/output depends on measurement and analysis paradigms. The present experiment examined the effect of variations in response-window timing, response delinearization, and local changes in stimulus frequency on TBOAE input/output measurement.