Impact of provoked stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in individuals with alcohol use disorder.

Background: From both clinical and theoretical perspectives, understanding the functionality of evaluative reinforcement learning mechanisms (Model-Free, MF, and Model-Based, MB) under provoked stress, particularly in Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), is crucial yet underexplored. This study aims to evaluate whether individuals with AUD who do not seek treatment show a greater tendency towards retrospective behaviors (MF) rather than prospective and deliberative simulations (MB) compared to controls. Additionally, it examines the impact of induced social stress on these decision-making processes.

Sensori-motor neurofeedback improves inhibitory control and induces neural changes: a placebo-controlled, double-blind, event-related potentials study.

Background/objective: Inhibition is crucial for controlling behavior and is impaired in various psychopathologies. Neurofeedback holds promise in addressing cognitive deficits, and experimental research is essential for identifying its functional benefits. This study aimed to investigate whether boosting sensorimotor activity (SMR) improves inhibitory control in a final sample of healthy individuals ( = 53), while exploring the underlying neurophysiological mechanism.

The modulation of acute stress on model-free and model-based reinforcement learning in gambling disorder.

Background And Aims: Experiencing acute stress is common in behavioral addictions such as gambling disorder. Additionally, like most substance-induced addictions, aberrant decision-making wherein a reactive habit-induced response (conceptualized as a Model-free [MF] in reinforcement learning) suppresses a flexible goal-directed response (conceptualized as a Model-based [MB]) is also common in gambling disorder. In the current study we investigated the influence of acute stress on the balance between habitual response and the goal-directed system.

Evaluation of the transmastoid plugging approach for superior semicircular canal dehiscences: a retrospective series of 30 ears.

Purpose: The classical surgical approach for superior semicircular canal dehiscences (SSCD) is via the extradural middle cranial fossa. This pathway is used to resurface or to plug the SSC. In this paper, we present long-term data on an alternative route: the transmastoid pathway.

Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with alcohol cue inhibitory control training reduces the risk of early alcohol relapse: A randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial.

Background: Approximately half of all people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) relapse into alcohol reuse in the next few weeks after a withdrawal treatment. Brain stimulation and cognitive training represent recent forms of complementary interventions in the context of AUD.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of five sessions of 2 mA bilateral transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) for 20 min over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) (left cathodal/right anodal) combined with alcohol cue inhibitory control training (ICT) as part of rehabilitation.

Distinct Whole-Body Movements in Response to Alcohol and Sexual Content in Alcohol Use Disorder.

Background: Spontaneous motor responses of approach and avoidance toward stimuli are important in characterizing psychopathological conditions, including alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, divergent results have been reported, possibly due to confounded parameters (e.g.

Habitual Routines and Automatic Tendencies Differential Roles in Alcohol Misuse Among Undergraduates.

There is a debate over whether actions that resist devaluation (i.e., compulsive alcohol consumption) are primarily habit- or goal-directed.

The impact of graphic motor programs and detailed visual analysis on letter-like shape recognition.

Recent research suggests that graphic motor programs acquired through writing are part of letter representations and contribute to their recognition. Indeed, learning new letter-like shapes through handwriting gave rise to better recognition than learning through typing on a keyboard. However, handwriting and typing do not differ solely by the nature of the motor activity.

Reduced model-based decision-making in gambling disorder.

Compulsive behaviors (e.g., addiction) can be viewed as an aberrant decision process where inflexible reactions automatically evoked by stimuli (habit) take control over decision making to the detriment of a more flexible (goal-oriented) behavioral learning system.