Dietary Flavonoid Intakes in France Are Linked to Brewed Tea Consumption and to Socioeconomic Status: Analyses of the Third French Individual and National Food Consumption (INCA3) Survey for Children and Adults.

Flavonoids from green and black tea may benefit cardiovascular health. Brewed tea consumption and flavonoid intake in France have not been previously explored. This study assessed the dietary intake of flavonoids among French children and adults, using 3 days' dietary recall for 3896 persons aged >4 y in the Third French Individual and National Food Consumption Survey (INCA3).

Nutritional impact of no-added sugar fruit puree consumption at different eating occasions: a modelling study on French children.

Objective: The recommended level of five fruits and vegetables per day is reached by a minority of French children. No-added sugars fruit puree (NASFP) can be consumed as a complement of fresh fruit to meet the recommendation for fruits and vegetables. The objective was to simulate the nutritional impact of an increase in consumption of NASFP among French children, together with a reduction in sweetened foods.

Environmental impact and nutritional quality of adult diet in France based on fruit and vegetable intakes.

Purpose: To describe the nutritional quality and environmental impact of self-selected diets of adults in France in relation to their fruit and vegetable (FV) intakes.

Methods: Estimates of food and nutrient intakes were taken from the national INCA3 Survey on food intakes carried out in France in 2014-2015. The population (n = 2121 adults) was split into five quintiles of FV intakes, in g/d (Q1 representing the lowest intake, and Q5 the highest).

Datasets on the nutritional and environmental (including biodiversity) characteristics of food products consumed in France.

Analysing the nutritional and environmental impacts of our current diets and promoting sustainable dietary shifts require quantified data on the characteristics of foods. We have jointly studied environmental and nutritional performances of more than 200 generic foods consumed in France, by combining and completing different databases. Several environmental issues calculated by Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) were selected, including impacts on biodiversity.

Dietary environmental impacts of French adults are poorly related to their income levels or food insecurity status.

Purpose: Recent global-scale analysis showed the extent of inequality in terms of carbon emissions related to overall consumption, with richer households emitting significantly more greenhouse gases than poorer ones. While socio-economic status is a known determinant of food consumption, and despite the urgent need to move towards more sustainable diets, very few studies have explored socio-economic differences regarding the environmental impacts of diets. The objective of the present study was to compare the environmental impacts of French adults' diets according to food insecurity (FI) status and income level.

Approximately Half of Total Protein Intake by Adults Must be Animal-Based to Meet Nonprotein, Nutrient-Based Recommendations, With Variations Due to Age and Sex.

Background: Shifting towards a more plant-based diet, as promoted in Western countries, will reduce the animal protein contribution to total proteins. Such a reduction may not only impair protein adequacy, but also the adequacy in other nutrients.

Objectives: We determined, for different adult subpopulations, the minimum total protein levels and the minimum animal protein contributions to total proteins that are compatible with the fulfillment of all nonprotein nutrient-based recommendations.

Multiple Metrics of Carbohydrate Quality Place Starchy Vegetables Alongside Non-starchy Vegetables, Legumes, and Whole Fruit.

Background: Starchy vegetables, including white potatoes, are often categorized as "lower-quality" carbohydrate foods, along with refined grains, 100% fruit juices, sweetened beverages, and sugars, snacks and sweets. Among "higher-quality" carbohydrates are whole grains, non-starchy vegetables, legumes, and whole fruits.

Objective: To apply multiple nutrient profiling (NP) models of carbohydrate quality to foods containing >40% carbohydrate by dry weight in the USDA Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies (FNDDS 2017-18).

Number of meal components, nutritional guidelines, vegetarian meals, avoiding ruminant meat: what is the best trade-off for improving school meal sustainability?

Purpose: School meals have the potential to promote more sustainable diets. Our aim was to identify the best trade-off between nutrition and the environment by applying four levers to school meals: (i) reducing the number of meal components, (ii) complying with the French school nutritional guidelines, (iii) increasing the number of vegetarian meals, and/or (iv) avoiding ruminant meat.

Methods: Levers were analyzed alone or in combination in 17 scenarios.

Aligning nutrient profiling with dietary guidelines: modifying the Nutri-Score algorithm to include whole grains.

Purpose: Whole grains, generally recognised as healthy choices, are not included in most nutrient profiling systems. We tested modifications to the Nutri-Score algorithm to determine whether including whole grains would provide an improved measure of food, and overall diet quality.

Methods: The whole-grain content of food, with a minimum cut-point of 25%, was added to the algorithm, following similar methods used to score other health-promoting components such as fibre.

Potential of existing online 24-h dietary recall tools for national dietary surveys.

Objective: To describe existing online, 24-h dietary recall (24-h DR) tools in terms of functionalities and ability to tackle challenges encountered during national dietary surveys, such as maximising response rates and collecting high-quality data from a representative sample of the population, while minimising the cost and response burden.

Design: A search (from 2000 to 2019) was conducted in peer-reviewed and grey literature. For each tool, information on functionalities, validation and user usability studies, and potential adaptability for integration into a new context was collected.

Perspective: Why Whole Grains Should Be Incorporated into Nutrient-Profile Models to Better Capture Nutrient Density.

Healthy eating patterns, as described by dietary guidelines, typically favor whole grains, low-fat dairy, vegetables, fruit, legumes, and nuts and seeds. Nutrient-profiling (NP) models capture nutrient density of individual foods and can inform healthier food choices. Although whole grains are prominently featured in most dietary guidelines, they are not included in most NP models.

Opposing Consumption Trends for Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Plain Drinking Water: Analyses of NHANES 2011-16 Data.

Choosing water in place of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) can reduce added sugars while maintaining adequate hydration. The present goal was to examine 2011-16 time trends in SSB vs. water consumption across US population subgroups.

Integration of various dimensions in food-based dietary guidelines via mathematical approaches: report of a DGE/FENS Workshop in Bonn, Germany, 23-24 September 2019.

In the past, food-based dietary guidelines (FBDGs) were derived nearly exclusively by using systematic reviews on diet-health relationships and translating dietary reference values for nutrient intake into foods. This approach neglects many other implications that dietary recommendations have on society, the economy and environment. In view of pressing challenges, such as climate change and the rising burden of diet-related diseases, the simultaneous integration of evidence-based findings from different dimensions into FBDGs is required.

Nutritional Quality of Vegetarian and Non-Vegetarian Dishes at School: Are Nutrient Profiling Systems Sufficiently Informative?

In France, school canteens must offer a vegetarian meal at least once per week. The objective was to evaluate the nutritional quality of school main dishes. A database of main dishes served in primary schools was first split into non-vegetarian ( = 669) and vegetarian ( = 315) categories.

Consumption of 100% Orange Juice in Relation to Flavonoid Intakes and Diet Quality Among US Children and Adults: Analyses of NHANES 2013-16 Data.

This study explored consumption patterns of 100% orange juice by socio-demographics among US children and adults. Dietary intakes data for 15,983 persons aged >2 y came from the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2013-2016). The What We Eat in America nutrient composition database was merged with the USDA Expanded Flavonoid Database to assess flavonoid intakes.

Flavonoid Intakes in the US Diet Are Linked to Higher Socioeconomic Status and to Tea Consumption: Analyses of NHANES 2011-16 Data.

Background: Many of the health benefits of tea have been attributed to its flavonoid content. Tea consumption in US adults varies by socioeconomic status (SES).

Objectives: The present objective was to explore intakes of total flavonoids and flavonoid subclasses by participant sociodemographics and by patterns of tea consumption.

Trends in tap and bottled water consumption among children and adults in the United States: analyses of NHANES 2011-16 data.

Background: Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-20 recommend choosing water in place of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB). This study examined water consumption patterns and trends among children and adults in the US.

Methods: Dietary intake data for 7453 children (4-18y) and 15,263 adults (>19y) came from two 24 h dietary recalls in three cycles of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2016).

The Timing of Water and Beverage Consumption During the Day Among Children and Adults in the United States: Analyses of NHANES 2011-2016 Data.

Dietary Guidelines for Americans 2015-20 recommend replacing sugar sweetened beverages (SSBs) with plain water in order to promote adequate hydration while reducing added sugar intake. This study explored how water intakes from water, beverages, and foods are distributed across the day. The dietary intake data for 7453 children (4-18 y) and 15,263 adults (>19 y) came from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2016).

Tea Consumption Patterns in Relation to Diet Quality among Children and Adults in the United States: Analyses of NHANES 2011-2016 Data.

Flavonoid-rich tea offers an alternative to sugar-sweetened beverages. The present analyses, based on 2 24-hour dietary recalls for 17,506 persons aged ≥9 years old in the 2011-2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey database (NHANES 2011-2016), explored tea consumption patterns in relation to demographics, diet quality, cardiovascular disease (CVD) biomarkers (lipids and blood pressure), and body weight. Beverage categories were unsweetened tea, other tea (herbal and presweetened tea), coffee, milk, 100% juice, water and other high-calorie (HC) and low-calorie (LC) beverages.

Consumption Patterns of Milk and 100% Juice in Relation to Diet Quality and Body Weight Among United States Children: Analyses of NHANES 2011-16 Data.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) has recommended placing limits on the consumption of milk and 100% juice by children. Consumption data for 9,069 children aged 2-19 years came from three cycles of the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES 2011-2016). Beverages were classified into 100% juices, milk (whole, reduced fat, and skim), caloric sugar sweetened beverages (SSB), low calorie beverages (LCB), and drinking water.

Designing Optimal Breakfast for the United States Using Linear Programming and the NHANES 2011-2014 Database: A Study from the International Breakfast Research Initiative (IBRI).

The quality of dietary patterns can be optimized using a mathematical technique known as linear programming (LP). LP methods have rarely been applied to individual meals. The present LP models optimized the breakfast meal for those participants in the nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2011-2014 who ate breakfast ( = 11,565).

Development of the Healthy Purchase Index (HPI): a scoring system to assess the nutritional quality of household food purchases.

Objective: To develop an index to assess the nutritional quality of household food purchases based on food expenditures only.

Design: A database of monthly food purchases of a convenience sample of low-income households was used to develop the Healthy Purchase Index (HPI). The HPI is the sum of two sub-scores based on expenditure shares of food categories in total household food expenditure: the purchase diversity sub-score and the purchase quality sub-score.

Food- and diet-based validations of a Nestlé Nutrient Profiling System for reformulation in two nationally representative surveys.

The Nestlé Nutritional Profiling System (NNPS) has been developed to guide food and beverage reformulation. The WHO published guidelines to develop and validate nutrient profiling systems. The objective was to conduct validation tests of the NNPS following principles of the WHO guidelines.