Babesiosis and Theileriosis are significant tick-borne diseases affecting humans and animals, and their distribution relies on the presence of specific tick vectors and host species, like roe deer in Spain.
A study analyzed spleen samples from 174 hunted roe deer, finding a high prevalence (89.7%) of these piroplasms, with Babesia sp. being more common (60.9%) compared to Theileria sp. (19.0%).
The research also identified five species of Babesia and Theileria, noting that young roe deer and those from Oceanic regions had higher infection rates, indicating their role as potential reservoirs for zoonotic diseases.