Travel-Associated Rabies in Pets and Residual Rabies Risk, Western Europe.

In 2015, countries in western Europe were declared free of rabies in nonflying mammals. Surveillance data for 2001-2013 indicate that risk for residual rabies is not 0 because of pet importation from countries with enzootic rabies. However, the risk is so low (7.

Cost-effectiveness of rabies post-exposure prophylaxis in the context of very low rabies risk: A decision-tree model based on the experience of France.

Introduction: Benefit-risk of different anti-rabies post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) strategies after scratches or bites from dogs with unknown rabies status is unknown in very low rabies risk settings.

Design And Setting: A cost-effectiveness analysis in metropolitan France using a decision-tree model and input data from 2001 to 2011.

Population: A cohort of 2807 patients, based on the mean annual number of patients exposed to category CII (minor scratches) or CIII (transdermal bite) dog attacks in metropolitan France between 2001 and 2011.

Rabies in nonhuman primates and potential for transmission to humans: a literature review and examination of selected French national data.

Background: The nonhuman primate (NHP)-related injuries in rabies-enzootic countries is a public health problem of increasing importance. The aims of this work are to collect data concerning rabies transmission from NHPs to humans; to collate medical practices regarding rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP) in different countries, and to provide an evidence base to support the decision to apply rabies PEP in this context.

Methodology: To retrieve information, we conducted a literature search from 1960 to January 2013.

[Rabies].

Rabies virus, a neurotropic lyssavirus responsible for unavoidable fatal encephalitis, is transmitted by saliva of infected animals through bite, scratch or licking of broken skin or a mucous membrane. Infection can be prevented by timely prevention (wash for several minutes, antisepsis and vaccination completed by antirabies immunoglobulins [Ig] according to the severity of exposure). The 55,000 human deaths estimated annually worldwide result mainly from uncontrolled canine rabies in enzootic countries (particularly in Africa and in Asia), attributable to a lack of resources or interest for this disease.

Risk for rabies importation from North Africa.

A retrospective study conducted in France indicated that a large proportion of patients injured by potentially rabid animals while in North Africa did not seek pretravel advice, and some had not received proper rabies postexposure prophylaxis while in North Africa. As a result, imported human rabies cases are still being reported, and the need for postexposure prophylaxis after exposure in North Africa is not declining. Tourists are generally unaware of the danger of importing potentially rabid animals and of the rules governing the movement of pets.

Efficacy of rifampin-moxifloxacin-metronidazole combination therapy in hidradenitis suppurativa.

Background: Antibiotics have been shown to improve hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) patients but complete remission is rare using these treatments.

Objective: To assess the efficacy and safety of a combination of oral rifampin, moxifloxacin and metronidazole in long-lasting refractory HS.

Methods: We retrospectively studied 28 consecutive HS patients including 6, 10 and 12 Hurley stage 1, 2 and 3 patients, respectively.

[The use of passive rabies immunotherapy: from the past to the future].

Rabies is a fatal disease transmitted by infected animals by bite, scratch, licking on broken skin or contamination of mucosis by saliva. The regimen of post-exposure prophylaxis for people not previously vaccinated, that is currently recommended by WHO, consists of a combination of wound cleaning, active immunization and passive immunization when the exposure is of category 3. Most of the products available on the market, in particular human rabies immunoglobulins, highly purified equine rabies immunoglobulins and the derived F(ab')(2) fragments, are now characterized by high potency and safety.