Iodine distribution and volatilization in contrasting forms of forest humus during a laboratory incubation experiment.

Radionuclides I (t = 15.7 × 10 years) and I (t = 8.02 days) are both introduced into the environment as a result of nuclear human activities.

First Time Identification of Selenoneine in Seabirds and Its Potential Role in Mercury Detoxification.

Birds are principally exposed to selenium (Se) through their diet. In long-lived and top predator seabirds, such as the giant petrel, extremely high concentrations of Se are found. Selenium speciation in biota has aroused great interest in recent years; however, there is a lack of information about the chemical form of Se in (sea)birds.

Atmospheric iodine, selenium and caesium depositions in France: I. Spatial and seasonal variations.

The spatial distribution and seasonal variations of atmospheric iodine (I), selenium (Se) and caesium (Cs) depositions remain unclear and this precludes adequate inputs for biogeochemical models. We quantified total concentrations and fluxes of these elements in rainfalls from 27 monitoring sites in France with contrasted climatic conditions; monthly measurements were taken over one year (starting in 2016/09). Since speciation of I and Se can impact their behaviour in the environment, analysis of their inorganic compounds was also conducted.

Atmospheric iodine, selenium and caesium depositions in France: II. Influence of forest canopies.

Estimation of the canopy influence on atmospheric inputs of iodine (I), selenium (Se) and caesium (Cs) in terrestrial ecosystems is an essential condition for appropriate biogeochemical models. However, the processes involved in rain composition modifications after its passage through forest canopy have been barely studied for these elements. We monitored I, Se and Cs concentrations in both rainfall and throughfall of fourteen French forested sites throughout one year, and estimated dry deposition and canopy exchange fluxes for these elements, as well as speciation of I and Se.

Assessment of Hg contamination by a Chlor-Alkali Plant in riverine and coastal sites combining Hg speciation and isotopic signature (Sagua la Grande River, Cuba).

Chlor-alkali plants (CAP) are recognized as major sources of mercury (Hg) in the environment. In this work, Hg concentration, speciation and isotopic signature were determined in sediments and biota (fish and oyster) from Sagua La Grande River (SG River) and the adjacent coastal zone in the vicinity of a CAP (Cuba). High Hg concentrations in surface sediments (up to 5072 ng g), mainly occurring as inorganic Hg, decrease with the distance from the CAP along the SG River and seaward.

Iodine budget in forest soils: Influence of environmental conditions and soil physicochemical properties.

Due to its longevity, radioisotope I is a health concern following potential releases in the environment which raises questions about residence and exposure times relevant for risk assessments. We determined I concentrations (as a surrogate for I) in a series of French forest soils (i.e.

Iodine distribution and cycling in a beech (Fagus sylvatica) temperate forest.

Radioiodine is of health concerns in case of nuclear events. Possible pathways and rates of flow are essential information for risk assessment. Forest ecosystems could influence the global cycle of long-lived radioiodine isotope (I) with transfer processes similar to stable isotope (I).

Influence of Se concentrations and species in hydroponic cultures on Se uptake, translocation and assimilation in non-accumulator ryegrass.

The success of biofortification and phytoremediation practices, addressing Se deficiency and Se pollution issues, hinges crucially on the fate of selenium in the plant media in response to uptake, translocation and assimilation processes. We investigate the fate of selenium in root and shoot compartments after 3 and 6 weeks of experiment using a total of 128 plants grown in hydroponic solution supplied with 0.2, 2, 5, 20 and 100 mg L of selenium in the form of selenite, selenate and a mixture of both species.

Field study of time-dependent selenium partitioning in soils using isotopically enriched stable selenite tracer.

A better understanding of selenium fate in soils at both short and long time scales is mandatory to consolidate risk assessment models relevant for managing both contamination and soil fertilization issues. The purpose of this study was thus to investigate Se retention processes and their kinetics by monitoring time-dependent distribution/speciation changes of both ambient and freshly added Se, in the form of stable enriched selenite-77, over a 2-years field experiment. This study clearly illustrates the complex reactivity of selenium in soil considering three methodologically defined fractions (i.

Stable isotope tracing: a powerful tool for selenium speciation and metabolic studies in non-hyperaccumulator plants (ryegrass Lolium perenne L.).

Selenium is both essential and toxic for mammals; the range between the two roles is narrow and not only dose-dependent but also related to the chemical species present in foodstuff. Unraveling the metabolism of Se in plants as a function of Se source may thus lead to ways to increase efficiency of fertilization procedures in selenium deficient regions. In this study, stable-isotope tracing was applied for the first time in plants to simultaneously monitor the bio-incorporation of two inorganic Se species commonly used as foodstuff enrichment sources.

A new methodology involving stable isotope tracer to compare simultaneously short- and long-term selenium mobility in soils.

A better understanding of Se fate in soils is required for different environmental issues, such as radioactive waste management or soil fertilization procedures. In these contexts, the mobility and speciation of Se have to be studied at both short and long terms after Se inputs. Here, we present a new methodology to monitor simultaneously the reactivity of added (isotopic enriched tracers) and ambient Se at trace level in soils by high-performance liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) following specific extractions.

Identification in human urine and blood of a novel selenium metabolite, Se-methylselenoneine, a potential biomarker of metabolization in mammals of the naturally occurring selenoneine, by HPLC coupled to electrospray hybrid linear ion trap-orbital ion trap MS.

Speciation analysis of selenium in human urine allowed for the first time the identification of a novel selenium metabolite, Se-methylselenoneine. Despite a concentration at low ppb level, its characterization was achieved after sample purification by solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by the parallel coupling of the bidimensional RP/HILIC chromatography with ICP-MS and ESI-LTQ Orbitrap MS detection. To confirm its biological significance with regards to selenoneine, the recently discovered analog of ergothioneine, and to discard the possibility of sample preparation artifacts, a new method was developed to monitor its actual presence, as well as the occurrence of its sulfur and/or non-methylated analogs, in non-preconcentrated urine and blood samples of non-supplemented humans.

Selenate bioaccumulation and toxicity in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii: Influence of ambient sulphate ion concentration.

The aim of the present study was to investigate selenate toxicity in the unicellular green algae Chlamydomonas reinhardtii as a function of sulphate ion concentration and the relationship with intracellular bioaccumulation. The toxicity of selenate was evaluated by measuring the effect of different selenate concentrations on algal growth during a 96h exposure period. A non-linear regression according to the Hill model was used to describe the dose-effect relationship and estimate the effect concentrations (EC) of selenate.

Quantitative analysis of volatile selenium metabolites in normal urine by headspace solid phase microextraction gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry.

The combination of headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (GC-ICPMS) was evaluated for the determination of volatile selenium metabolites in normal urine samples, i.e. without selenium supplementation.

Advantages of hydride generation interface for selenium speciation in waters by high performance liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupling.

This paper focuses on the analytical performance improvement of the coupled technique HPLC-ICPMS using on-line collision/reaction cell technology for selenium elemental and speciation analyses at the ng (Se) l(-1) level in aquatic environment. Collision/reaction cell operating parameters were optimised, resulting in selected conditions of 5.5 ml min(-1) H(2) and 0.

Speciation analysis of antimony in marine biota by HPLC-(UV)-HG-AFS: Extraction procedures and stability of antimony species.

Speciation analysis of antimony in marine biota is not well documented, and no specific extraction procedure of antimony species from algae and mollusk samples can be found in the literature. This work presents a suitable methodology for the speciation of antimony in marine biota (algae and mollusk samples). The extraction efficiency of total antimony and the stability of Sb(III), Sb(V) and trimethylantimony(V) in different extraction media (water at 25 and 90 degrees C, methanol, EDTA and citric acid) were evaluated by analyzing the algae Macrosystis integrifolia (0.

Simultaneous speciation analysis of Sb(III), Sb(V) and (CH3)3SbCl2 by high performance liquid chromatography-hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry detection (HPLC-HG-AFS): application to antimony speciation in sea water.

This paper presents an improvement for the simultaneous separation of Sb(V), Sb(III) and (CH3)3SbCl2 species by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and its detection by hydride generation-atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). The separation was performed on an anion exchange column PRP-X100 using a gradient elution program between EDTA/KHP (potasium hydrogen phtalate) as first mobile phase and phosphate solutions solution as the second one. The chromatographic separation and the HG-AFS parameters were optimized by experimental design.

Development of an on-line UV decomposition system for direct coupling of liquid chromatography to atomic-fluorescence spectrometry for selenium speciation analysis.

Speciation analysis of four selenium species (selenite, selenate, selenocystine, and selenomethionine) has been performed by on-line coupling of liquid chromatography (LC), UV decomposition, hydride generation (HG), and atomic-fluorescence spectrometry (AFS). Because only selenite (Se(IV)) can generate hydrides, on-line conversion of organic and inorganic selenium species is discussed. Preliminary study showed that the use of only UV light was not sufficient to reduce selenate, because no absorption is observed for this compound at the main wavelength of the low-pressure mercury lamp (253.

Selenium metabolites in urine: a critical overview of past work and current status.

Background: Selenium is an essential trace element that also elicits toxic effects at modest intakes. Investigations of selenium metabolites in urine can help our understanding of the transformations taking place in the body that produce these beneficial and detrimental effects. There is, however, considerable discord in the scientific literature regarding the selenium metabolites thought to play important roles in these biotransformation processes.

Simultaneous determination of twelve inorganic and organic arsenic compounds by liquid chromatography-ultraviolet irradiation-hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry.

A coupling between column liquid chromatography (LC) and atomic fluorescence spectrometry was developed for arsenic speciation. After separation, the compounds are oxidised on-line by UV irradiation, volatilised by hydride-generation and carried to the detector by a stream of argon. A combination of anion-exchange and hydrophobic interactions in a single column (Dionex AS7) was found suitable for the simultaneous separation of organic and inorganic species.

Speciation of arsenic in plants by HPLC-HG-AFS: extraction optimisation on CRM materials and application to cultivated samples.

A recently developed method for the determination of arsenic species (arsenite, arsenate, monomethylarsonate, MMAA, and dimethylarsinate, DMAA) has been applied to the study of arsenic speciation in plants. This method uses ion-exchange liquid chromatography coupled on-line to atomic fluorescence spectrometry through continuous hydride generation. Various extraction procedures have been studied in detail using three plant certified reference materials.

Speciation of seleno compounds in yeast aqueous extracts by three-dimensional liquid chromatography with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric and electrospray mass spectrometric detection.

A three-dimensional liquid chromatographic purification protocol based on sequential size-exclusion, anion-exchange and cation-exchange separation mechanisms was developed for the mapping of seleno compounds in aqueous yeast extracts. The method allowed the demonstration of the presence of more than 30 different seleno compounds. Semi-preparative size-exclusion and anion-exchange chromatography were optimized for maximum resolution using electrospray-compatible buffers in order to purify the compounds for mass spectrometric analysis.