In vivo evidence for cell body loss in cortical lesions in people with multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To quantify alterations in soma and neurite density imaging measures within and surrounding cortical lesions in people with multiple sclerosis using in vivo high-gradient diffusion MRI.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 41 people with multiple sclerosis and 34 age- and sex-matched healthy controls underwent 3 T high-gradient diffusion MRI. Cortical lesions were segmented on artificial intelligence-enabled double inversion recovery images.

Intrinsic and extrinsic contributors to subregional thalamic volume loss in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To evaluate the intrinsic and extrinsic microstructural factors contributing to atrophy within individual thalamic subregions in multiple sclerosis using in vivo high-gradient diffusion MRI.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 41 people with multiple sclerosis and 34 age and sex-matched healthy controls underwent 3T MRI with up to 300 mT/m gradients using a multi-shell diffusion protocol consisting of eight b-values and diffusion time of 19 ms. Each thalamus was parcellated into 25 subregions for volume determination and diffusion metric estimation.

Long-Term Neurocognitive Outcomes in Pediatric Nonfatal Drowning: Results of a Family Caregiver Survey.

Background: Drowning is a leading cause of brain injury in children. Long-term outcome data for drowning survivors are sparse. This study reports neurocognitive outcomes for 154 children hospitalized following drowning.

Detection of grey matter microstructural substrates of neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis features complex pathological changes in grey matter that begin early and eventually lead to diffuse atrophy. Novel approaches to image grey-matter microstructural alterations are highly sought after and would enable more sensitive monitoring of disease activity and progression. This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the sensitivity of high-gradient diffusion MRI for microstructural tissue damage in cortical and deep grey matter in people with multiple sclerosis and test the hypothesis that reduced cortical cell body density is associated with cortical and deep grey-matter volume loss.

Disruption of the Atrophy-based Functional Network in Multiple Sclerosis Is Associated with Clinical Disability: Validation of a Meta-Analytic Model in Resting-State Functional MRI.

Background In multiple sclerosis (MS), gray matter (GM) atrophy exhibits a specific pattern, which correlates strongly with clinical disability. However, the mechanism of regional specificity in GM atrophy remains largely unknown. Recently, the network degeneration hypothesis (NDH) was quantitatively defined (using coordinate-based meta-analysis) as the atrophy-based functional network (AFN) model, which posits that localized GM atrophy in MS is mediated by functional networks.

Characterization of normal-appearing white matter in multiple sclerosis using quantitative susceptibility mapping in conjunction with diffusion tensor imaging.

Purpose: Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is influenced by iron as well as myelin, which makes interpretation of pathologic changes challenging. Concurrent acquisition of MR sequences that are sensitive to axonal/myelin integrity, such as diffusion tensor imaging (DTI), may provide context for interpreting quantitative susceptibility (QS) signal. The purpose of our study was to investigate alterations in normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) in multiple sclerosis (MS) using QSM in conjunction with DTI.

Biomechanical properties of suprapectoral biceps tenodesis: double knotless screw fixation is superior to single knotless screw fixation.

Introduction: The purpose of this study is to biomechanically evaluate a new technique of double knotless screw fixation for suprapectoral biceps tenodesis and compare the results with that of the single knotless screw fixation as well as the interference screw fixation.

Methods: 24 fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders with a mean age of 68.3 ± 9 years were studied.

Arthroscopic Transtendinous Biceps Tenodesis With All-Suture Anchor.

There are several methods for long head of the biceps (LHB) tenodesis, yet the optimal option is still debatable. Here we introduce a technique for arthroscopic suprapectoral biceps tenodesis with an all-suture anchor, the transtendinous biceps tenodesis technique. The LHB tenodesis is performed by using the Y-Knot anchor (1.

Persistent trigeminal artery communicating with a fetal posterior communicating artery: A case report.

A persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis. PTA variants terminating on cerebellar arteries instead of the basilar artery have been reported previously. We present the first case of a PTA communicating with a fetal posterior communicating artery identified on a magnetic resonance angiogram.

Augmentation by cerclage wire improves fixation of vertical shear femoral neck fractures-A biomechanical analysis.

Background: Femoral neck fractures in young individuals are typically vertical shear fractures. These injuries are difficult to stabilize due to a significant varus displacement force across the hip with weight bearing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical stability offered by the addition of an augmented wire to conventional inverted triangle triple screw fixation for stabilizing vertical shear femoral neck fracture.

Biomechanical Comparison of All-Suture Anchor Fixation and Interference Screw Technique for Subpectoral Biceps Tenodesis.

Purpose: To compare the biomechanical characteristics of the subpectoral Y-knot all-suture anchor fixation with those of the interference screw technique.

Methods: Sixteen fresh-frozen human cadaveric shoulders with a mean age of 67.6 ± 5.

The effect of coracoacromial ligament excision and acromioplasty on the amount of rotator cuff force production necessary to restore intact glenohumeral biomechanics.

Hypothesis And Background: Coracoacromial ligament (CAL) excision and acromioplasty increase superior and anterosuperior glenohumeral translation. It is unknown how much of an increase in rotator cuff force production is required to re-establish intact glenohumeral biomechanics after these surgical procedures. We hypothesized that, after CAL excision and acromioplasty, an increase in rotator cuff force production would not be necessary to reproduce the anterosuperior and superior translations of the intact specimens.