The Gene Ontology knowledgebase in 2023.

The Gene Ontology (GO) knowledgebase (http://geneontology.org) is a comprehensive resource concerning the functions of genes and gene products (proteins and noncoding RNAs). GO annotations cover genes from organisms across the tree of life as well as viruses, though most gene function knowledge currently derives from experiments carried out in a relatively small number of model organisms.

"From Protein Toxins to Applied Toxicological Testing" virtual workshop identifies the need for a bioinformatic framework to assess novel food protein safety.

On October 21-22, 2020 the HESI (Health and Environmental Sciences Institute) Protein Allergens, Toxins, and Bioinformatics Committee, and the Society of Toxicology Food Safety Specialty Section co-hosted a virtual workshop titled "From Protein Toxins to Applied Toxicological Testing". The workshop focused on the safety assessment of novel proteins contained in foods and feeds, was globally represented by over 200 stakeholder attendees, and featured contributions from experts in academia, government and non-government organizations, and agricultural biotechnology developers from the private sector. A range of topics relevant to novel protein safety were discussed, including: the state of protein toxin biology, modes and mechanisms of action, structures and activity, use of bioinformatic analyses to assess the safety of a protein, and ways to leverage computational biology with in silico approaches for protein toxin identification/characterization.

The UniProtKB/Swiss-Prot Tox-Prot program: A central hub of integrated venom protein data.

Animal toxins are of interest to a wide range of scientists, due to their numerous applications in pharmacology, neurology, hematology, medicine, and drug research. This, and to a lesser extent the development of new performing tools in transcriptomics and proteomics, has led to an increase in toxin discovery. In this context, providing publicly available data on animal toxins has become essential.

The UniProt-GO Annotation database in 2011.

The GO annotation dataset provided by the UniProt Consortium (GOA: http://www.ebi.ac.

Animal Toxins: How is Complexity Represented in Databases?

Peptide toxins synthesized by venomous animals have been extensively studied in the last decades. To be useful to the scientific community, this knowledge has been stored, annotated and made easy to retrieve by several databases. The aim of this article is to present what type of information users can access from each database.

Tox-Prot, the toxin protein annotation program of the Swiss-Prot protein knowledgebase.

The Tox-Prot program was initiated in order to provide the scientific community a summary of the current knowledge on animal protein toxins. The aim of this program is to systematically annotate all proteins which act as toxins and are produced by venomous and poisonous animals. Venomous animals such as snakes, scorpions, spiders, jellyfish, insects, cone snails, sea anemones, lizards, some fish, and platypus are equipped with a specialized organ to inject venom in their prey.