Exploring Factors Conditioning the Expression of Botryosphaeria Dieback in Grapevine for Integrated Management of the Disease.

Species from the Botryosphaeriaceae family are the causal agents of Botryosphaeria dieback (BD), a worldwide grapevine trunk disease. Because of their lifestyle and their adaptation to a wide range of temperatures, these fungi constitute a serious threat to vineyards and viticulture, especially in the actual context of climate change. Grapevine plants from both nurseries and vineyards are very susceptible to infections by botryosphaeriaceous fungi due to several cuts and wounds made during their propagation process and their entire life cycle, respectively.

Hybrid Cultivars with American or Asian Ancestries Show Higher Tolerance towards Grapevine Trunk Diseases.

Grape production worldwide is increasingly threatened by grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). No grapevine cultivar is known to be entirely resistant to GTDs, but susceptibility varies greatly. To quantify these differences, four Hungarian grape germplasm collections containing 305 different cultivars were surveyed to determine the ratios of GTDs based on symptom expression and the proportion of plant loss within all GTD symptoms.

Differential carbohydrate-active enzymes and secondary metabolite production by the grapevine trunk pathogen Bt-67 grown on host and non-host biomass.

is one of the most aggressive Botryosphaeriaceae species associated with grapevine trunk diseases. This species may secrete enzymes capable of overcoming the plant barriers, leading to wood colonization. In addition to their roles in pathogenicity, there is an interest in taking advantage of carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes), related to plant cell wall degradation, for lignocellulose biorefining.

Sodium arsenite-induced changes in the wood of esca-diseased grapevine at cytological and metabolomic levels.

In the past, most grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have been controlled by treatments with sodium arsenite. For obvious reasons, sodium arsenite was banned in vineyards, and consequently, the management of GTDs is difficult due to the lack of methods with similar effectiveness. Sodium arsenite is known to have a fungicide effect and to affect the leaf physiology, but its effect on the woody tissues where the GTD pathogens are present is still poorly understood.

The Combination of Both Heat and Water Stresses May Worsen Botryosphaeria Dieback Symptoms in Grapevine.

(1) Background: Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) have become a global threat to vineyards worldwide. These diseases share three main common features. First, they are caused by multiple pathogenic micro-organisms.

PsJN delays development on grapevine inflorescences.

Grapevine flowering is an important stage in the epidemiology of , the causal agent of gray mold disease. To prevent infection and to minimize postharvest losses, the control of this necrotrophic fungus is mainly based on chemical fungicides application. However, there is a growing interest in other control alternatives.

The microbiota of the grapevine holobiont: A key component of plant health.

Background: Grapevine is a woody, perennial plant of high economic importance worldwide. Like other plants, it lives in close association with large numbers of microorganisms. Bacteria, fungi and viruses are structured in communities, and each individual can be beneficial, neutral or harmful to the plant.

Dieback (): An Imminent Emerging Threat to the Moroccan Vineyards.

A decline of various grapevines ( L.) in the province of Doukkala in Morocco was observed in 2021. The causal pathogen was identified as based on morphological characteristics and phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed region (ITS), the β-tubulin gene (TUB) and calmodulin (cmdA).

A Panoramic View on Grapevine Trunk Diseases Threats: Case of Eutypa Dieback, Botryosphaeria Dieback, and Esca Disease.

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTD) are currently one of the most devastating and challenging diseases in viticulture, leading to considerable yield losses and a remarkable decline in grapevine quality. The identification of the causal agents is the cornerstone of an efficient approach to fighting against fungal diseases in a sustainable, non-chemical manner. This review attempts to describe and expose the symptoms of each pathology related to GTD, the modes of transmission, and the harmfulness of recently reported agents.

Diversity of for the Production of the Phytotoxic Metabolites (-)-Terremutin and ()-Mellein.

Two isolates and a UV mutant were characterized for their phytotoxin production in vitro, their pathogenicity on grapevine, and their genome sequenced. The isolate Np-Bt67 produced high level of (-)-terremutin, but almost no ()-mellein, and it was the most aggressive on grapevine, triggering apoplexy. Similar symptoms were not induced by purified (-)-terremutin.

Assessment of a New Copper-Based Formulation to Control Esca Disease in Field and Study of Its Impact on the Vine Microbiome, Vine Physiology and Enological Parameters of the Juice.

Copper-based preparations have been used for more than 100 years in viticulture to control downy mildew caused by . LC2017, and a new low-copper-based formulation, has been developed to control grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs). Previous greenhouse studies showed the potential of LC2017 to control GTDs by both fungistatic and plant defense elicitor effects.

Response of Different Grapevine Cultivars to Infection by and .

Botryosphaeria dieback is a grapevine trunk disease that affects all viticulture regions of the world. Species of the genus have been reported as pathogenic toward grapevine in several growing regions and have also been previously reported from Portuguese vineyards. Species in this genus, particularly , have been reported in previous studies to be more aggressive than other Botryosphaeriaceae species most commonly associated with Botryosphaeria dieback.

Combining an HA + Cu (II) Site-Targeted Copper-Based Product with a Pruning Wound Protection Program to Prevent Infection with spp. in Grapevine.

The genus has been reported from several grape growing regions and is considered as one of the fastest wood colonizers, causing Botryosphaeria dieback. The aim of this study was to (i) evaluate the efficacy of Esquive, a biocontrol agent, on vineyard pruning wound protection, applied single or, in a combined protection strategy with a new site-targeted copper-based treatment (LC2017), and (ii) compare their efficacy with chemical protection provided by the commercially available product, Tessior. For two seasons, protectants were applied onto pruning wounds, while LC2017 was applied throughout the season according to the manufacturer's instructions.

Cultivar Contributes to the Beneficial Effects of PTA-271 and SC1 to Protect Grapevine Against .

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a big threat for global viticulture. Without effective chemicals, biocontrol strategies are developed as alternatives to better cope with environmental concerns. A combination of biological control agents (BCAs) could even improve sustainable disease management through complementary ways of protection.

Activity of the Novel Copper Product HA + Cu(II) Based on a Biocompatible Drug Delivery System on Vine Physiology and Trials for the Control of Botryosphaeria Dieback.

The growing concerns on human and environment health are forcing the plant protection industry toward the formulation of more eco-sustainable plant protection products (PPP), both efficient and innovative in their approach to disease control. A large number of these innovative formulations now rely on a combination of pathogens antagonistic properties and stimulation of natural plant defense to pathogens. The formulation HA + Cu(II), in which copper is delivered to the plants by the drug-delivery molecule hydroxyapatite (HA), was found efficient against the grapevine pathogens and and able to induce the host-plant defense system.

Sap Flow Disruption in Grapevine Is the Early Signal Predicting the Structural, Functional, and Genetic Responses to Esca Disease.

Fungal species involved in Esca cause the formation of grapevine wood necroses. It results in the deterioration of vascular network transport capacity and the disturbance of the physiological processes, leading to gradual or sudden grapevine death. Herein, for two consecutive growing seasons, a detailed analysis of the structural (wood necrosis and leaf discoloration) and physiological parameters related to the water use of healthy and esca-symptomatic grapevines was conducted.

Impacts of Sodium Arsenite on Wood Microbiota of Esca-Diseased Grapevines.

Although sodium arsenite was widely used in Europe until its ban in 2003, its effects on microorganisms is not clearly understood. To improve our understanding of sodium arsenite curative effect on GTDs, grapevines displaying esca-foliar symptoms from different French regions (Alsace, Champagne, Languedoc) were treated or not with sodium arsenite, and analyzed for their wood microbiota. Using metabarcoding, we identified the fungal and bacterial taxa composition of microbiota colonizing woody trunk tissues.

Genome sequence analysis of the beneficial Bacillus subtilis PTA-271 isolated from a Vitis vinifera (cv. Chardonnay) rhizospheric soil: assets for sustainable biocontrol.

Background: Bacillus subtilis strains have been widely studied for their numerous benefits in agriculture, including viticulture. Providing several assets, B. subtilis spp.

Activity of Novel Copper(II)-Based Formulations to Inhibit the Esca-Associated Fungus in Grapevine Propagation Material.

Grapevine trunk diseases (GTDs) are a serious and growing threat to vineyards worldwide. The need for innovative control tools persists since pesticides used against some GTDs have been banned and only methods to prevent infections or to reduce foliar symptoms have been developed so far. In this context, the application of imaging methods, already applied to study plant-microbe interactions, represents an interesting approach to understand the effect of experimental treatments applied to reduce fungal colonization, on GTD-related pathogens activity.

Esca-affected grapevine leaf metabolome is clone- and vintage-dependent.

Esca is a complex grapevine trunk disease caused by wood-rotting ascomycetes and basidiomycetes and leading to several foliar and wood symptoms. Given that the esca expression can be influenced by several environmental, physiological, and genetic factors, foliar symptoms are inconsistent in incidence and prevalence and may appear 1 year but not the following. We have previously reported a clone-dependent expression of the disease in cv Chardonnay.

Early Season Symptoms on Stem, Inflorescences and Flowers of Grapevine Associated with Species.

Botryosphaeria dieback caused by several species is one of the most important grapevine trunk diseases affecting vineyards worldwide. These fungi cause wedge-shaped perennial cankers and black streaking of the wood and have also been associated with intervein leaf chlorosis, dried or mummified berries, and eventually, the death of the plant. Early season symptoms may sometimes be disregarded by growers, being mistaken with symptoms from other diseases such as downy mildew or botrytis rot.