The incidence and outcomes of hyperacute cardiovascular dysfunction following isolated traumatic brain injury: an observational cohort study.

Background: The relationship between early cardiovascular dysfunction (CVD) in isolated traumatic brain injury (iTBI) and outcome has not been fully described. We aimed to (1) determine the prevalence and phenotype of CVD after iTBI in the hyper-acute phase and (2) compare treatment and outcomes in those with CVD vs non-CVD.

Methods: An observational cohort database study of severe iTBI patients (Head AIS 3+) at a level 1 trauma centre (2008-2019) and physician-led air ambulance service (2019-2020).