Interventions Aimed at Decreasing Obesity in Hispanic Children in the First 1000 Days: A Systematic Review.

The prevalence of obesity is higher among Hispanic children than among all other ethnicities, and recent efforts have been focused on addressing this growing disparity. The objective of this review was to examine the evidence for interventions designed to reduce obesity in Hispanic children in the first 1000 days of life and to assess and summarize the effectiveness of the interventions. A literature search was conducted using MEDLINE, Scopus, and PubMed.

Expression of macrophage genes within skeletal muscle correlates inversely with adiposity and insulin resistance in humans.

Local inflammation in obese adipose tissue has been shown to contribute to insulin resistance; however, the role of macrophage infiltration within skeletal muscle is still debatable. This study aimed to evaluate the association of skeletal muscle macrophage gene expression with adiposity levels and insulin sensitivity in obese patients. Twenty-two nondiabetic obese patients and 23 healthy lean controls were included.

Acute and Long-Term Impact of High-Protein Diets on Endocrine and Metabolic Function, Body Composition, and Exercise-Induced Adaptations.

Background: High-protein diets have been shown to improve body composition through alterations in satiety, muscle protein synthesis, and the thermic effect of food.

Aim: Given these findings, the purpose of this review is to discuss the integration of the specific hormonal and metabolic effects of high-protein diets following both acute and long-term usage, especially with regard to body composition.

Methods: Full-text articles were obtained through PubMed by using the terms "high-protein diet and body composition," "high-protein diet and exercise," "high-protein diet risk," "high-protein diet side effects," "protein quality PDCAAS," "RDA for protein," and "daily protein recommendation.

BAIBA Does Not Regulate UCP-3 Expression in Human Skeletal Muscle as a Response to Aerobic Exercise.

Objective: β-Aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA) has shown to modulate uncoupling protein (UCP)-1 expression, which is mainly expressed in white adipose tissue; however, no studies to date have analyzed its potential effect on the main uncoupling protein of skeletal muscle, UCP-3. The main goal of this study was to assess the potential effect of acute aerobic exercise on serum BAIBA and skeletal muscle UCP-3. The secondary goal was to assess the potential involvement of the transcription factors proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), as well as free fatty acids (FFAs) in UCP-3 expression.