Allergic Diseases and Childhood Obesity: A Detrimental Link?

Several epidemiological studies have described childhood obesity as a risk factor for atopic disease, particularly asthma. At the same time, this association seems to be more conflicting for allergic rhinitis, atopic dermatitis, and chronic urticaria. This article aims to deepen the possibility of a relationship between childhood obesity and allergic diseases.

Changes in adipose tissue distribution and relation to cardiometabolic risk factors after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) among adolescents with obesity results in significant weight loss; however, depot-specific changes have been understudied.

Objective: We hypothesized that visceral adipose tissue (VAT) reduction in adolescents undergoing RYGB would be greater than other depots and associated with improvement in cardiometabolic risk factors.

Setting: Three specialized treatment centers in Sweden.

Vitamin D and Osteogenesis Imperfecta in Pediatrics.

Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited skeletal dysplasias characterized by bone fragility. The study of bone metabolism, in these disease, is problematic in terms of clinical and genetic variability. The aims of our study were to evaluate the importance of Vitamin D levels in OI bone metabolism, reviewing studies performed on this topic and providing advice reflecting our experience using vitamin D supplementation.

DTI assessment of the maturing growth plate of the knee in adolescents and young adults.

Purpose: To assess the growth plates of the knee in a healthy population of young adults and adolescents using DTI, and to correlate the findings with chronological age and skeletal maturation.

Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional study to assess the tibial and femoral growth plates with DTI in 155 healthy volunteers aged between 14.0 and 21 years old.

The influence of growth hormone on pediatric body composition: A systematic review.

Background: Growth hormone (GH) affects metabolism and regulates growth in childhood. The most prominent feature of GH deficiency (GHD) in children is diminished height velocity that eventually leads to short stature. In adult-onset GHD, lean body mass (LBM) is reduced, and visceral fat mass (FM) increased.

Long-term changes in dietary intake and its association with eating-related problems after gastric bypass in adolescents.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) surgery is an established, effective treatment for severe adolescent obesity. Long-term dietary intake and the relationship to eating-related problems are scarcely evaluated in this population.

Objectives: Assess changes in dietary intake in adolescents after RYGB and explore associations between dietary intake and eating-related problems.

Magnetic resonance and diffusion tensor imaging of the adolescent rabbit growth plate of the knee.

Purpose: To assess the ability of MRI-DTI to evaluate growth plate morphology and activity compared with that of histomorphometry and micro-CT in rabbits.

Methods: The hind limbs of female rabbits aged 16, 20, and 24 wk (n = 4 per age group) were studied using a 9.4T MRI scanner with a multi-gradient echo 3D sequence and DTI in 14 directions (b-value = 984 s/mm ).

Randomised controlled trial showed long-term efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of varicella vaccines in Norwegian and Swedish children.

Aim: Several countries, such as Norway and Sweden, have not implemented universal varicella vaccination. We present data for Norway and Sweden that were generated by a paediatric multi-country Phase III study over a 10-year period. This assessed the efficacy, antibody persistence and safety of two varicella vaccines containing the same Oka strain.

Persistence of hSBA titers elicited by the meningococcal serogroup B vaccine menB-FHbp for up to 4 years after a 2- or 3-dose primary series and immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of a booster dose through 26 months.

Background: To demonstrate extended protection against meningococcal serogroup B (MenB) disease after MenB-FHbp (bivalent rLP2086) vaccination, this study evaluated immunopersistence through 26 months following MenB-FHbp boosting after 2 or 3 primary doses in adolescents.

Study Design: This phase 3, open-label study was an extension of 3 phase 2 studies with participants aged 11-18 years randomized to receive primary MenB-FHbp vaccination following 1 of 5 dosing schedules or control. A booster dose was administered 48 months after the primary series.

Comparison of reliability of magnetic resonance imaging using cartilage and T1-weighted sequences in the assessment of the closure of the growth plates at the knee.

Background: Growth development is traditionally evaluated with plain radiographs of the hand and wrist to visualize bone structures using ionizing radiation. Meanwhile, MRI visualizes bone and cartilaginous tissue without radiation exposure.

Purpose: To determine the state of growth plate closure of the knee in healthy adolescents and young adults and compare the reliability of staging using cartilage sequences and T1-weighted (T1W) sequence between pediatric and general radiologists.

A cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging study of factors influencing growth plate closure in adolescents and young adults.

Aim: To assess growth plate fusion by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and evaluate the correlation with sex, age, pubertal development, physical activity and BMI.

Methods: Wrist, knee and ankle of 958 healthy subjects aged 14.0-21.

Chronological Age Assessment in Young Individuals Using Bone Age Assessment Staging and Nonradiological Aspects: Machine Learning Multifactorial Approach.

Background: Bone age assessment (BAA) is used in numerous pediatric clinical settings as well as in legal settings when entities need an estimate of chronological age (CA) when valid documents are lacking. The latter case presents itself as critical as the law is harsher for adults and granted rights along with imputability changes drastically if the individual is a minor. Traditional BAA methods have drawbacks such as exposure of minors to radiation, they do not consider factors that might affect the bone age, and they mostly focus on a single region.

5-year mental health and eating pattern outcomes following bariatric surgery in adolescents: a prospective cohort study.

Background: Mental health problems are prevalent among adolescents with severe obesity, but long-term mental health outcomes after adolescent bariatric surgery are not well known. We aimed to assess mental health outcomes over 5 years of follow-up after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery in adolescents who participated in the Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery (AMOS) study.

Methods: This was a non-randomised matched-control study in adolescents aged 13-18 years who had a BMI of 40 kg/m or higher, or 35 kg/m or higher in addition to obesity-related comorbidity; who had previously undergone failed comprehensive conservative treatment; and were of pubertal Tanner stage III or higher, with height growth velocity beyond peak.

Micronutrient intake and biochemistry in adolescents adherent or nonadherent to supplements 5 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is an effective obesity treatment in adults and has become established in adolescents. Lower adherence to supplementation in adolescents confers a risk for long-term nutritional deficiencies.

Objectives: To assess adherence to supplementation, micronutrient intake, and biochemistry in adolescents through 5 years after RYGB.

From conception to infancy - early risk factors for childhood obesity.

Maternal lifestyle during pregnancy, as well as early nutrition and the environment infants are raised in, are considered relevant factors for the prevention of childhood obesity. Several models are available for the prediction of childhood overweight and obesity, yet most have not been externally validated. Moreover, the factors considered in the models differ among studies as the outcomes manifest after birth and depend on maturation processes that vary between individuals.

Protection against varicella with two doses of combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine or one dose of monovalent varicella vaccine: 10-year follow-up of a phase 3 multicentre, observer-blind, randomised, controlled trial.

Background: The duration of protection provided by varicella vaccines is unclear. We assessed the 10-year vaccine efficacy of two doses of a combined measles-mumps-rubella-varicella vaccine (MMRV), one live attenuated varicella vaccine (V) dose given after one measles-mumps-rubella vaccine (MMR) dose (MMR + V), versus two MMR doses (control vaccine) for the prevention of confirmed varicella.

Methods: This was a phase 3b follow-up of an observer-blinded, randomised, controlled trial.

Five-year changes in dietary intake and body composition in adolescents with severe obesity undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.

Background: Information is scarce on long-term changes in energy intake (EI), dietary energy density (DED), and body composition in adolescents undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Objectives: To investigate long-term changes in EI, DED, and body composition in adolescents after LRYGB.

Setting: University hospitals, multicenter study, Sweden.

Prevention Models of Childhood Obesity in Sweden.

The impact of childhood obesity on the Swedish Health Care system is described. Childhood Obesity and Diabetes Type 2 is increasing for the last 10 years, but not Diabetes Type 1. Thus, prevention is needed.

Binge eating and other eating-related problems in adolescents undergoing gastric bypass: results from a Swedish nationwide study (AMOS).

Bariatric surgery is established as a treatment option for adolescents with severe obesity. Little is known about binge eating (BE) and other eating-related problems in adolescents undergoing bariatric surgery. BE, emotional eating, uncontrolled eating, and cognitive restraint were assessed at baseline, and one and two years after gastric bypass using questionnaires in 82 adolescents (mean age 16.

Perceived child eating behaviours and maternal migrant background.

The Child Eating Behaviour Questionnaire (CEBQ) is a well-established instrument in the study of obesity-related eating behaviours among children. However, research using the CEBQ in multicultural samples is limited. This study aims to identify and examine differences in child eating behaviours as reported by Swedish-born and non-Swedish-born mothers living in Sweden.

Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with severe obesity (AMOS): a prospective, 5-year, Swedish nationwide study.

Background: Severe obesity in adolescence is associated with reduced life expectancy and impaired quality of life. Long-term benefits of conservative treatments in adolescents are known to be modest, whereas short-term outcomes of adolescent bariatric surgery are promising. We aimed to compare 5-year outcomes of adolescent surgical patients after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass with those of conservatively treated adolescents and of adults undergoing Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, in the Adolescent Morbid Obesity Surgery (AMOS) study.

Controlling feeding practices and maternal migrant background: an analysis of a multicultural sample.

Objective: Parental feeding practices shape children's relationships with food and eating. Feeding is embedded socioculturally in values and attitudes related to food and parenting. However, few studies have examined associations between parental feeding practices and migrant background.

Physical Fitness and Body Composition Two Years after Roux-En-Y Gastric Bypass in Adolescents.

Background: We have previously shown promising results 2 years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery, within the Adolescence Morbid Obesity Surgery study (AMOS). The aim of the current study was to describe the 2-year outcome in cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, and functional capacity in the Stockholm subset of the AMOS study.

Methods: Forty-one adolescents (10 male, 31 female, age 14-18 years, body mass index 35-69 kg·m) were included.