Shifts in Communities and Mycotoxins in Maize Residues, Soils, and Wheat Grains throughout the Wheat Cycle: Implications for Fusarium Head Blight Epidemiology.

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB), predominantly caused by species, is a devastating cereal disease worldwide. While considerable research has focused on communities in grains, less attention has been given to residues and soil, the primary inoculum sources. Knowledge of spp.

New insights into mycotoxin risk management through fungal population genetics and genomics.

Mycotoxin contamination of food and feed is a major global concern. Chronic or acute dietary exposure to contaminated food and feed can negatively affect both human and animal health. Contamination occurs through plant infection by toxigenic fungi, primarily and spp.

Food transport in Reptilia: a comparative viewpoint.

Reptilia exploit a large diversity of food resources from plant materials to living mobile prey. They are among the first tetrapods that needed to drink to maintain their water homeostasis. Here were compare the feeding and drinking mechanisms in Reptilia through an empirical approach based on the available data to open perspectives in our understanding of the evolution of the various mechanisms determined in these Tetrapoda for exploiting solid and liquid food resources.

Profiling Walnut Fungal Pathobiome Associated with Walnut Dieback Using Community-Targeted DNA Metabarcoding.

Walnut dieback can be caused by several fungal pathogenic species, which are associated with symptoms ranging from branch dieback to fruit necrosis and blight, challenging the one pathogen-one disease concept. Therefore, an accurate and extensive description of the walnut fungal pathobiome is crucial. To this end, DNA metabarcoding represents a powerful approach provided that bioinformatic pipelines are evaluated to avoid misinterpretation.

First report of grapefruit rot caused by and in France.

The grapefruit () is a citrus hybrid tree ( & ). Due to nutritional value and its bioactive compounds, the fruits are recognized as a functional food, valued as promoting health. French grapefruit production is low (7.

Complete Genome Sequence of the Plant-Pathogenic Fungus .

is a fungal genus (Ascomycota, Sordariomycetes, Glomerellaceae) that includes many economically important plant pathogens that cause devastating diseases of a wide range of plants. In this work, using a combination of long- and short-read sequencing technologies, we sequenced the genome of RB221, isolated from white lupin () in France during a survey in 2014. The genome was assembled into 11 nuclear chromosomes and a mitochondrial genome with a total assembly size of 63.

Influence of Maize Residues in Shaping Soil Microbiota and Fusarium spp. Communities.

Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a devastating fungal disease of small grain cereals including wheat. Causal fungal agents colonize various components of the field during their life cycle including previous crop residues, soil, and grains. Although soil and residues constitute the main inoculum source, these components have received much less attention than grains.

Fungal Planet description sheets: 1182-1283.

Novel species of fungi described in this study include those from various countries as follows: , from , from soil. , as endophyte from healthy leaves of , in fruit of , from stem of , on stems of , from rhizosphere soil of , on living leaves of , , and on living leaves of sp. , from soil.

Deciphering the Infectious Process of in Lupin through Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis.

The fungal phytopathogen is responsible for lupin anthracnose, resulting in significant yield losses worldwide. The molecular mechanisms underlying this infectious process are yet to be elucidated. This study proposes to evaluate gene expression and protein synthesis during lupin infection, using, respectively, an RNAseq-based transcriptomic approach and a mass spectrometry-based proteomic approach.

Water Microbiota in Greenhouses With Soilless Cultures of Tomato by Metabarcoding and Culture-Dependent Approaches.

Water supply, in hydroponic greenhouses, can originate from groundwater, surface water or rainwater stored in open tanks. To limit contamination of water supply, several methods have been used including active and passive methods such as slow filtration techniques which consist in passing the nutrient solutions slowly through filters. The purpose of this study was to describe the microbiota associated with water sampled before entering greenhouses and in recirculating nutrient solutions, either before or after running through a biofiltration system.

Phylogenetic Diversity and Effect of Temperature on Pathogenicity of .

Although lupin anthracnose caused by is a significant threat for spring and winter lupin crops, it has been poorly studied so far. This study aimed at characterizing the (i) phylogenetic, (ii) morphological, and (iii) physiological diversity of collected isolates from anthracnose-affected lupins. The genetic identification of representative isolates ( = 71) revealed that they were all species, further confirming that lupin anthracnose is caused by this species.

Molecular Detection of the Seed-Borne Pathogen Targeting the Hyper-Variable IGS Region of the Ribosomal Cluster.

Lupins anthracnose is a destructive seed and airborne disease caused by , affecting stems and pods. Primary seed infections as low as 0.01-0.

A novel metabarcoding approach to investigate Fusarium species composition in soil and plant samples.

The genus Fusarium contains more than 300 species, most of which are plant pathogens. Appropriate molecular tools for accurately and rapidly describing temporal and spatial shifts in Fusarium communities would be useful for the development of control strategies. Here, we present a new Fusarium-specific primer pair targeting the translation elongation factor 1-α (EF1α) gene with amplicons of ~430 bp, suitable for MiSeq metabarcoding sequencing.

Co-occurrence analysis reveal that biotic and abiotic factors influence soil fungistasis against Fusarium graminearum.

The current study determined the levels of soil fungistasis against a soil-borne pathogen inoculum, Fusarium graminearum (Fg, a major causal agent of Fusarium Head Blight (FHB)), in 31 wheat fields by quantifying Fg growth after a 15-day incubation period using qPCR in autoclaved versus non-autoclaved soils. The results were used to define the six most Fg-resistant and the six most Fg-conducive soils. By using a metabarcoding approach, the diversity of the bacterial communities was significantly higher in Fg-resistant soils than in Fg-conducive soils.

Combined Metabarcoding and Co-occurrence Network Analysis to Profile the Bacterial, Fungal and Communities and Their Interactions in Maize Stalks.

Fusarium Head Blight (FHB) is one of the most devastating diseases of cereals worldwide, threatening both crop production by affecting cereal grain development, and human and animal health by contaminating grains with mycotoxins. Despite that maize residues constitute the primary source of inoculum for pathogenic species, the structure and diversity of spp. and microbial communities in maize residues have received much less attention than in grains.

Combined Metabarcoding and Multi-locus approach for Genetic characterization of Colletotrichum species associated with common walnut (Juglans regia) anthracnose in France.

Juglans regia (walnut) is a species belonging to the family Juglandaceae. Broadly spread in diverse temperate and subtropical regions, walnut is primarily cultivated for its nuts. In France, Colletotrichum sp.

Whole-Genome Sequence of the Orchid Anthracnose Pathogen Colletotrichum orchidophilum.

Colletotrichum orchidophilum is a plant-pathogenic fungus infecting a wide range of plant species belonging to the family Orchidaceae. In addition to its economic impact, C. orchidophilum has been used in recent years in evolutionary studies because it represents the closest related species to the C.

The Species Complex as a Model System to Study Evolution and Host Specialization in Plant Pathogens.

spp. infect a wide diversity of hosts, causing plant diseases on many economically important crops worldwide. The genus contains approximately 189 species organized into at least 11 major phylogenetic lineages, also known as species complexes.

Gene family expansions and contractions are associated with host range in plant pathogens of the genus Colletotrichum.

Background: Many species belonging to the genus Colletotrichum cause anthracnose disease on a wide range of plant species. In addition to their economic impact, the genus Colletotrichum is a useful model for the study of the evolution of host specificity, speciation and reproductive behaviors. Genome projects of Colletotrichum species have already opened a new era for studying the evolution of pathogenesis in fungi.

Insights into Penicillium roqueforti Morphological and Genetic Diversity.

Fungi exhibit substantial morphological and genetic diversity, often associated with cryptic species differing in ecological niches. Penicillium roqueforti is used as a starter culture for blue-veined cheeses, being responsible for their flavor and color, but is also a common spoilage organism in various foods. Different types of blue-veined cheeses are manufactured and consumed worldwide, displaying specific organoleptic properties.

Pneumocystis jirovecii in the air surrounding patients with Pneumocystis pulmonary colonization.

In this study, Pneumocystis jirovecii was detected and characterized in the air surrounding patients with Pneumocystis pulmonary colonization. Air samples were collected in the rooms of 10 colonized patients using Coriolis® μ air sampler at 1m and 5m from the patient's head. P.

Biological control of plant pathogens: advantages and limitations seen through the case study of Pythium oligandrum.

The management of certain plant beneficial microorganisms [biological control agents (BCAs)] seems to be a promising and environmental friendly method to control plant pathogens. However, applications are still limited because of the lack of consistency of BCAs when they are applied in the field. In the present paper, the advantages and limitations of BCAs are seen through the example of Pythium oligandrum, an oomycete that has received much attention in the last decade.