Anticoagulation in COVID-19: A Systematic Review, Meta-analysis, and Rapid Guidance From Mayo Clinic.

A higher risk of thrombosis has been described as a prominent feature of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). This systematic review synthesizes current data on thrombosis risk, prognostic implications, and anticoagulation effects in COVID-19. We included 37 studies from 4070 unique citations.

Prospective randomized trial of moderately strenuous aerobic exercise after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator.

Background: Despite its salutary effects on health, aerobic exercise is often avoided after receipt of an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) because of fears that exercise may provoke acute arrhythmias. We prospectively evaluated the effects of a home aerobic exercise training and maintenance program (EX) on aerobic performance, ICD shocks, and hospitalizations exclusively in ICD recipients.

Methods And Results: A total of 160 patients (124 men and 36 women) were randomly assigned who had an ICD for primary (43%) or secondary (57%) prevention to EX or usual care (UC).

Development and safety of an exercise testing protocol for patients with an implanted cardioverter defibrillator for primary or secondary indication.

Purpose: Performing exercise tests in patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) presents specific challenges because of susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmias during maximal levels of exertion. The purpose of this paper is to outline the exercise testing protocol from the Anti-Arrhythmic Effects of Exercise after an ICD trial and to report baseline test results and safety outcomes using the protocol.

Methods And Results: Maximal cardiopulmonary exercise testing was performed to assess levels of physical fitness as part of a randomized trial of walking exercise in patients with ICDs.

Testing an exercise intervention to improve aerobic conditioning and autonomic function after an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).

Background: Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) are an increasingly common treatment for survivors of sudden cardiac arrest or others with life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Health-care providers are often reluctant to prescribe exercise for this group because of the belief that it will provoke ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest; patients are often afraid to exercise because of concern over receiving an ICD shock. A social cognitive theory-driven exercise intervention aimed at stabilizing cardiac arrhythmias and reducing ICD shocks by increasing parasympathetic autonomic nervous system control is described.

Disruption of the behavioral satiety sequence by simmondsin.

Simmondsin, a cyanoglycoside from jojoba meal, reduces food intake after oral administration. To diagnose if it acts by inducing satiation or by creating abnormal physiological effects, an observational study was undertaken to investigate the effects of simmondsin on feeding and other behaviors. Particular attention was paid to the behavioral sequence associated with satiety (BSS).

Receptor-mediated biological responses are prolonged using hydrophobized ligands.

Hormone-receptor interactions occur following three-dimensional diffusion of the ligand to the membrane-embedded receptor. However, prior hydrophobization of the ligand might restrict its movement to two dimensions along the membrane surface, and the biological response might therefore be modulated. This idea was tested using the C-terminal nonapeptide, CCK9, of the satiating hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK).

Influence of limb positioning and measurement method on the magnitude of the tibial plateau angle.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of limb positioning and measurement technique on the magnitude of the radiographically determined tibial plateau angle (R-TPA).

Study Design: In vitro study, R-TPA was determined by 6 blinded observers and image measurement software.

Animals: Five canine cadaver hind limbs.

Simmondsin: effects on meal patterns and choice behavior in rats.

Simmondsin, a glycoside from jojoba meal, decreases food intake after oral administration. The present experiments are designed to clarify the mechanism of simmondsin's anorectic activity. The meal pattern analysis shows that simmondsin supplementation at different doses results in a dose-dependent food intake reduction, which is more pronounced after prior simmondsin experience.

Mechanism of simmondsin decomposition during sodium hydroxide treatment.

Jojoba seed meal shows appetite-suppressing activity due to the presence of simmondsin. This pharmacological activity disappears with treatment of the meal with sodium hydroxide. To elucidate this mechanism of inactivation, the reaction of simmondsin in 1 N NaOH at 20 degrees C was monitored as a function of time.

Simultaneous determination of carbohydrates and simmondsins in jojoba seed meal (Simmondsia chinensis) by gas chromatography.

Separate methods for the analyses of soluble carbohydrates in different plants and simmondsins in jojoba seed meal are described. A reliable gas chromatographic procedure for the simultaneous quantification of D-pinitol, myo-inositoL sucrose, 5-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-pinitol. 2-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-pinitol, simmondsin, 4-demethylsimmondsin, 5-demethylsimmondsin and 4,5-didemethylsimmondsin as trimethylsilyl derivatives in jojoba seed meal has been developed.

Identification of 4,5-didemethyl-4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylsimmondsin and pinitol alpha-D-galactosides in jojoba seed meal (Simmondsia chinensis).

The isolation and identification of two pinitol alpha-D-galactosides from jojoba meal are described. The products were isolated by a combination of preparative HPLC on silica gel and TLC on amino silica gel and were identified by MS, NMR spectroscopy, and chemical derivatization as 5-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol or 5-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-pinitol and 2-O-(alpha-D-galactopyranosyl)-3-O-methyl-D-chiro-inositol or 2-alpha-D-galactopyranosyl-D-pinitol. The same preparative HPLC method on silica gel allowed a new simmondsin derivative to be isolated and identified as 4,5-didemethyl-4-O-alpha-D-glucopyranosylsimmondsin mainly by NMR spectroscopy and high-resolution mass spectrometry.

Teratological studies in defatted jojoba meal-supplemented rats.

To look for possible developmental effects in the offspring of jojoba meal-treated Wistar rats, and to distinguish between the effects of reduced food intake and the specific developmental effects of jojoba meal itself, mated female rats were divided into three groups of 20 rats. They received during gestation: (a) normal rodent food (control group); (b) normal rodent food supplemented with 3% defatted jojoba meal (jojoba group); or (c) normal rodent food pair-fed with the jojoba group (pair-fed group). The jojoba meal group showed approximately 30% inhibition of food intake.

Unidentified Factors in Jojoba Meal Prevent Oviduct Development in Broiler Breeder Females.

Supplementation of feed with jojoba meal, as a means for autonomous feed restriction, was successful in depressing feed intake and controlling body weight of broiler breeder pullets to the extent recommended by the breeder company. However, these broiler breeders never produced eggs. At the level of ovary, normal follicle development and maturation did occur.

Gas chromatographic analysis of simmondsins and simmondsin ferulates in jojoba meal.

A capillary gas chromatographic method was developed for the simultaneous determination of simmondsins and simmondsin ferulates in jojoba meal, in detoxified jojoba meal, in jojoba meal extracts, and in animal food mixtures.

Mineralization of the supraspinatus tendon in dogs: a long-term follow-up.

Mineralization of the supraspinatus tendon was diagnosed in 24 large-breed dogs as a probable cause for a chronic unilateral forelimb lameness. Owners of 12 dogs responded to a questionnaire survey evaluating the treatment that their dog had received which consisted of either surgical removal of the mineralization after failure of conservative treatment (operated group; n=9) or rest and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (nonoperated group; n=3). In eight out of the 12 dogs, the mineralization was also present in the asymptomatic forelimb.

The vagus nerve is involved in the anorexigenic effect of simmondsin in the rat.

Simmondsin, 2-(cyanomethylene)-3 hydroxy 4,5 dimethoxy cyclohexyl beta-D-glucoside, from jojoba meal reduces food intake in rats. We investigated the mechanism of action simmondsin, by studying the effects of fasting or of vagotomy on the food intake reduction. The food intake reduction was significantly less in fasted rats than in non-fasted rats.

Breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors for rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament in young dogs.

Objective: To describe clinical features of dogs < 2 years old with rupture of the cranial cruciate ligament (CCL) and to evaluate breed, sex, and body weight as risk factors.

Design: Case-control study.

Animals: 201 dogs < 2 years old with rupture of the CCL and 804 age-matched control dogs.

Evaluation of jojoba meal as a potential supplement in the diet of broiler breeder females during laying.

1. This study was undertaken to investigate whether jojoba meal can be used as a food supplement during the laying period of chickens. 2.

Effects of simmondsin on food intake, growth, and metabolic variables in lean (+/?) and obese (fa/fa) Zucker rats.

Incorporation of 2.5 g/kg of the anorexigen, simmondsin, in the diet resulted in food intake reduction in both lean and obese Zucker rats; however, the obese rats were much more sensitive to the food intake-reducing activity of simmondsin. In both obese and lean simmondsin-treated Zucker rats, growth was slower than in control rats, but was the same as that in pair-fed animals.

Surgical removal of fragmented coronoid processes and fractured anconeal process in an older dog with evidence of severe degenerative joint disease.

A 10-year-old Labrador Retriever was admitted because of severe unilateral (left) forelimb lameness of 6 weeks' duration. Computerized tomography revealed bilateral fragmented coronoid processes (FCP) and unilateral fracture of the anconeal process. Surgery on the left elbow to remove the loose anconeal process and FCP resolved the severe lameness and improved the dog's overall activity, compared with that of the preceding 2 years.

Comparison of the effects of simmondsin and cholecystokinin on metabolism, brown adipose tissue and the pancreas in food-restricted rats.

In this study, we investigated the analogies between the physiological effects of simmondsin, a satiety-inducing glycoside extracted from jojoba seeds, and the gastro-intestinal satiation peptide, cholecystokinin. The effects of intraperitoneal injection of the biological active CCK-octapeptide on the pancreas, interscapular brown adipose tissue, growth performance and energy metabolism in normal-fed, severely food intake-restricted (50 % of normal food intake) or moderately food intake-restricted (65 % of normal food intake) growing rats were compared to the effects of 0.25 % simmondsin mixed in the food, inducing moderate food intake reduction (65 % of normal) in rats.

Cancellous bone grafting of large osteochondral defects: an experimental study in dogs.

Autogenous cancellous bone was evaluated as a material to repair large osteochondral defects in 20 adult mongrel dogs. In one knee, the bone graft was used to fill an osteochondral cylindrical defect (10 mm diameter x 10 mm deep) created in the femoral trochlea. A similar lesion was created in the contralateral knee but was left untreated for spontaneous healing.

Reproductive performance of rats treated with defatted jojoba meal or simmondsin before or during gestation.

The effects on food intake, growth and reproductive performance parameters of defatted jojoba meal and pure simmondsin, an extract from jojoba meal, were compared in female Wistar rats. Rats fed 0.15% simmondsin or 3% defatted jojoba meal (equivalent to 0.