Profiling of antibody production against xenograft-released proteins by protein microarrays discovers prostate cancer markers.

This study describes a novel xenograft-based biomarker discovery platform and proves its usefulness in the discovery of serum markers for prostate cancer. By immunizing immuno-competent mice with serum from nude mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts, an antibody response against xenograft-derived antigens was elicited. By probing protein microarrays with serum from immunized mice, several prostate cancer-derived antigens were identified, of which a subset was successfully retrieved in serum from mice bearing prostate cancer xenografts and prevalidated in human serum samples of prostate cancer patients.

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoform p2PSA in combination with total PSA and free PSA improves diagnostic accuracy in prostate cancer detection.

Background: Novel markers for prostate cancer (PCa) detection are needed. Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) and percent free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA=tPSA/fPSA) lack diagnostic specificity.

Objective: To evaluate the use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) isoforms p2PSA and benign prostatic hyperplasia-associated PSA (BPHA).

Exosomal secretion of cytoplasmic prostate cancer xenograft-derived proteins.

Novel markers for prostate cancer (PCa) are needed because current established markers such as prostate-specific antigen lack diagnostic specificity and prognostic value. Proteomics analysis of serum from mice grafted with human PCa xenografts resulted in the identification of 44 tumor-derived proteins. Besides secreted proteins we identified several cytoplasmic proteins, among which were most subunits of the proteasome.

Screening for prostate cancer in 2008 II: the importance of molecular subforms of prostate-specific antigen and tissue kallikreins.

Context: Over the past decades, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), its isoforms, and other members of the tissue kallikrein family have been of continuous interest with regard to early detection and screening for prostate cancer (PCa).

Objective: This review strives to give an overview of the possible clinical utilities of these markers, focused on early diagnostics and PCa screening.

Evidence Acquisition: Using the Medline database, a literature search was performed on the role of molecular subforms of PSA and other members of the tissue kallikrein family in PCa detection.

Elevated levels of D-dimer and fragment 1+2 upon central venous catheter insertion and factor V Leiden predict subclavian vein thrombosis.

Background And Objectives: Subclavian vein thrombosis is a well-recognized complication following central venous catheter insertion. We studied whether the determination of D-dimer levels, fragment 1+2 levels and factor V Leiden can identify patients at high risk of developing subclavian vein thrombosis.

Design And Methods: The presence of central venous catheter associated thrombosis was analyzed in 235 patients undergoing allogeneic bone marrow transplantation, of whom 30 (13%) developed thrombosis.