Benefit-cost analysis of Promoting First Relationships®: Implications of victim benefits assumptions for return on investment.

Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) cost United States society $136 billion to $428 billion annually. Preventive interventions that reduce CAN may improve people's lives and generate economic benefits to society, but their magnitude is likely to vary greatly with assumptions about victim costs avoided through intervention.

Objective: We examined the implications of different assumptions about avoided victim costs in a benefit-cost analysis of Promoting First Relationships® (PFR), a 10-session attachment and strengths-based home visiting intervention.

Associations of Early Socio-familial Stress with Maladaptive and Adaptive Functioning in Middle Childhood: Roles of Executive Control and Foundational Cognitive Abilities.

This study examined whether cognitive processes in preschool, conceptualized as a unitary construct of executive control (EC) as well as foundational cognitive abilities (FCA), predict both maladaptive and adaptive functioning in middle childhood and mediate associations between early childhood socio-familial stress and those functional outcomes. Performance-based, multidimensional, and age-appropriate measures of EC and FCA were collected in a laboratory setting from 313 preschool-age children at age 5, along with questionnaire data from children and their parents on three dimensions of early socio-familial stress and parent smoking. Parent, teacher, and child self-report data on 285 of these children were obtained when they were in grade 3 or 4.

Effects of body size on estimation of mammalian area requirements.

Accurately quantifying species' area requirements is a prerequisite for effective area-based conservation. This typically involves collecting tracking data on species of interest and then conducting home-range analyses. Problematically, autocorrelation in tracking data can result in space needs being severely underestimated.

Predictive value of CRP/albumin ratio in major abdominal surgery.

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is a major cause of morbidity, resulting in significant healthcare and economic implications. The ability to predict patients at high risk of SSI may enable targeted follow-up and management. This study sought to examine the relationship between the CRP/albumin ratio in the prediction of SSI in patients undergoing emergency major abdominal surgery.

Neighborhood Deprivation Moderates Shared and Unique Environmental Influences on Hazardous Drinking: Findings from a Cross-Sectional Co-Twin Study.

There has been increased interest in the interplay of genetic and environmental factors in the development of problematic alcohol use, including socioeconomic conditions of the neighborhood. Using a co-twin design, we examined the extent to which contributions of genetic, shared environmental, and unique environmental influences on hazardous drinking differed according to levels of neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation. Data came from 1,521 monozygotic (MZ) and 609 dizygotic (DZ) twin pairs surveyed in Washington State.

Near patient chlamydia and gonorrhoea screening and treatment in further education/technical colleges: a cost analysis of the 'Test n Treat' feasibility trial.

Background: Community-based screening may be one solution to increase testing and treatment of sexually transmitted infections in sexually active teenagers, but there are few data on the practicalities and cost of running such a service. We estimate the cost of running a 'Test n Treat' service providing rapid chlamydia (CT) and gonorrhoea (NG) testing and same day on-site CT treatment in technical colleges.

Methods: Process data from a 2016/17 cluster randomised feasibility trial were used to estimate total costs and service uptake.

Consensus recommendations on balancing educational opportunities and service provision in surgical training: Association of Surgeons in Training Delphi qualitative study.

Background: Ensuring the highest quality of surgical training remains a challenge as demands on health service provision rise. This study aimed to explore the differences and potential conflicts between service provision and dedicated training activity provided by surgical trainees, and recommend solutions.

Methods: Participants were drawn from the Association of Surgeons in Training (ASiT) national council.

How range residency and long-range perception change encounter rates.

Encounter rates link movement strategies to intra- and inter-specific interactions, and therefore translate individual movement behavior into higher-level ecological processes. Indeed, a large body of interacting population theory rests on the law of mass action, which can be derived from assumptions of Brownian motion in an enclosed container with exclusively local perception. These assumptions imply completely uniform space use, individual home ranges equivalent to the population range, and encounter dependent on movement paths actually crossing.

Valence tautomerism in a cobalt-verdazyl coordination compound.

Coordination of 1-isopropyl-3,5-dipyridyl-6-oxoverdazyl to cobalt results in a dication best described in the solid state as a high spin cobalt(ii) ion coordinated to two radical ligands with an S = 3/2 ground state. On dissolution in acetonitrile, the cobalt(ii) form equilibrates with a cobalt(iii) valence tautomer with an S = 1/2 ground state.

Phage cocktail containing Podoviridae and Myoviridae bacteriophages inhibits the growth of Pectobacterium spp. under in vitro and in vivo conditions.

Globally, there is a high economic burden caused by pre- and post-harvest losses in vegetables, fruits and ornamentals due to soft rot diseases. At present, the control methods for these diseases are limited, but there is some promise in developing biological control products for use in Integrated Pest Management. This study sought to formulate a phage cocktail which would be effective against soft rot Pectobacteriaceae species affecting potato (Solanum tuberosum L.

A review of clinical and oncological outcomes following the introduction of the first robotic colorectal surgery programme to a university teaching hospital in Ireland using a dual console training platform.

Robotic-assisted surgery is evolving, with improving clinical and cancer outcomes. The aim of this study was to present the clinical and cancer outcomes of patients undergoing robotic-assisted colorectal surgery (RAS-CR) at University Hospital Limerick (UHL) since its introduction to the 100th case, using the daVinci Xi dual-console surgical system. The RAS-CR programme at UHL commenced in June 2016 and the 100th case was performed in July 2019.

Randomized trial comparing low-pressure versus standard-pressure pneumoperitoneum in laparoscopic colectomy: PAROS trial.

Background: Laparoscopy, by its minimally invasive nature, has revolutionized digestive and particularly colorectal surgery by decreasing post-operative pain, morbidity, and length of hospital stay. In this trial, we aim to assess whether low pressure in laparoscopic colonic surgery (7 mm Hg instead of 12 mm Hg) could further reduce pain, analgesic consumption, and morbidity, resulting in a shorter hospital stay.

Methods And Analysis: The PAROS trial is a phase III, double-blind, randomized controlled trial.

Impact of routine surveillance imaging on detecting recurrence in human papillomavirus associated oropharyngeal cancer.

Objectives: This study examines the utility of surveillance imaging in detecting locoregional failures (LRF), distant failures (DF) and second primary tumors (SPT) in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV) associated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC) after definitive chemoradiotherapy (CRT).

Methods And Materials: An institutional database identified 225 patients with biopsy proven, non- metastatic HPV+ OPC treated with definitive CRT between 2004 and 2015, whose initial post-treatment imaging was negative for disease recurrence (DR). Two groups were defined: patients with <2 scans/year Group 1 and patients with ≥2 scans/year Group 2.

A Daily Study Comparing Alcohol-Related Positive and Negative Consequences for Days With Only Alcohol Use Versus Days With Simultaneous Alcohol and Marijuana Use in a Community Sample of Young Adults.

Background: Alcohol and marijuana are psychoactive substances commonly used by young adults and are independently associated with numerous acute and long-term consequences. Many young adults engage in simultaneous alcohol and marijuana (SAM) use to cross-fade (i.e.

Genomic Characterization, Formulation and Efficacy in Planta of a and Protection Cocktail against the Bacterial Plant Pathogens spp.

In the face of global human population increases, there is a need for efficacious integrated pest management strategies to improve agricultural production and increase sustainable food production. To counteract significant food loses in crop production, novel, safe and efficacious measures should be tested against bacterial pathogens. species are one of the causative agents of the bacterial rot of onions ultimately leading to crop losses due to ineffective control measures against these pathogens.

Evaluation of Technical Success, Efficacy, and Safety of Portomesenteric Venous Intervention following Nontransplant Hepatobiliary or Pancreatic Surgery.

Purpose: To evaluate technical success, efficacy and safety of portomesenteric venous (PMV) intervention for PMV stenosis or occlusion following nontransplant hepatobiliary or pancreatic (HPB) surgery.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective review identified 42 patients (mean age 60 y) with PMV stenosis (n = 33; 79%) or occlusion (n = 9; 21%) who underwent attempted PMV intervention following HPB surgery between June 1, 2011, and April 1, 2018. Main outcomes were technical success, primary patency rates, and complications.

Portomesenteric Venous Complications after Pancreatic Surgery with Venous Reconstruction: Imaging and Intervention.

Pancreatic surgery with en bloc venous resection and reconstruction is becoming increasingly common in the current era of expanding neoadjuvant oncologic therapies and advanced surgical techniques for patients with more anatomically complex tumors. However, patients who have alterations in their venous outflow are at increased risk for postoperative portomesenteric venous stenosis and/or thrombosis. Cross-sectional imaging for postoperative surveillance, including multiphase CT or MRI, is critical for recognizing portomesenteric venous complications and thus implementing early intervention and preventing complications related to portomesenteric venous hypertension.

Sleep Patterns, Problems and Ecology among Toddlers in Families with a Child Protective Services Maltreatment Referral.

Purpose: To describe sleep patterns, problems, and ecology among toddlers (13 to 36 months) from families referred to Child Protective Services (CPS) for maltreatment and to compare sleep duration among a subgroup (24- to 36-month-olds) to previously published population-based data.

Design And Methods: A secondary analysis of a larger longitudinal study was conducted. Participants included 113 parent-toddler dyads recruited out of CPS offices based on having a recent maltreatment referral.

Incarceration and adversity histories: Modeling life course pathways affecting behavioral health.

A consequence of a growing incarceration rate is that an increasing number of children face having an incarcerated household member, a known contributor to diverse lifelong behavioral health risks such as substance use and mental health impairment. Few studies have explored how household incarceration uniquely contributes to these subsequent behavioral health concerns, nor mediational contributors to these associations, within a theoretical framework. Using state Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System survey data ( = 14,001), this study tests pathways of household incarceration and Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) to mental health impairment and substance use in adulthood.

Author Correction: Economic value of protected areas via visitor mental health.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Exclusive Breastfeeding Rates and Associated Factors in 13 "Economic Community of West African States" (ECOWAS) Countries.

Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) has important protective effects on child survival and also increases the growth and development of infants. This paper examined EBF rates and associated factors in 13 "Economic Community of West African States" (ECOWAS) countries. A weighted sample of 19,735 infants from the recent Demographic and Health Survey dataset in ECOWAS countries for the period of 2010-2018 was used.

Association of Observed Perioperative Cell-Free DNA Dynamics With Early Recurrence in Patients With Colon Cancer.

This study examines the association of cell-free DNA with tumor recurrence in patients with colon cancer.

Scale-insensitive estimation of speed and distance traveled from animal tracking data.

Background: Speed and distance traveled provide quantifiable links between behavior and energetics, and are among the metrics most routinely estimated from animal tracking data. Researchers typically sum over the straight-line displacements (SLDs) between sampled locations to quantify distance traveled, while speed is estimated by dividing these displacements by time. Problematically, this approach is highly sensitive to the measurement scale, with biases subject to the sampling frequency, the tortuosity of the animal's movement, and the amount of measurement error.

Undergraduates' Disclosures of Unwanted Sexual Experiences: Who, Why, and When?

This study evaluated patterns of sexual assault disclosures as well as the response and impact of that response on assault survivors. The sample consisted of 217 undergraduates with a history of sexual assault (89.5% female, 76.