Myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma: sonographic assessment.

The depth of myometrial invasion by endometrial carcinoma was evaluated using real-time sonography (US) in 20 patients with histologically proved adenocarcinoma of the endometrium. In 14 of 20 (70%) cases, US-based estimation of the depth of myometrial invasion was within 10% of the actual measurement in the gross specimen. The US-based estimation of tumor invasion was low in seven patients, high in four patients, and agreed with pathologic findings (+/- 5%) in nine patients.

Sonography of appendiceal intussusception.

A case in which appendiceal intussusception was diagnosed preoperatively by sonography is described. The sonographic finding of multiple concentric hypoechoic and hyperechoic rings was confirmed at laparotomy to be due to appendiceal intussusception. Demonstration of the sonographic coiled spring sign in the right lower quadrant should raise the possibility of appendiceal intussusception.

Umbilical artery velocimetry in diabetes and pregnancy.

Doppler studies of umbilical artery velocity waveforms were performed during the third trimester of pregnancy in 43 diabetic women (18 class A and 25 insulin dependent). A mean serum glucose value of 120 mg% or more was selected to indicate poor glucose control. Systolic to diastolic ratios of umbilical artery velocity waveforms were calculated to determine the degree of placental vascular resistance.

Sonographic findings in abdominal pregnancy.

The sonograms of 20 proven cases of abdominal pregnancy were evaluated to determine the frequency of specific abnormalities associated with this condition. The most frequent and reliable finding was separation of the uterus from the fetus (90%). Extrauterine placenta (75%) and oligohydramnios (45%) were next in frequency.

Development of uterine artery compliance in pregnancy as detected by Doppler ultrasound.

Uterine artery velocimetry was performed by means of a continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound. Serial studies were done on 12 nonpregnant and 79 normal pregnant women. Measurements were made on both uterine arteries and averaged.

Transabdominal and transvaginal endosonography: evaluation of the cervix and lower uterine segment in pregnancy.

The clinical value of conventional transabdominal and transvaginal sonography (endosonography) for the evaluation of the cervix and lower uterine segment between 14 and 36 weeks' gestation was evaluated in 20 unselected obstetric patients. Sonographic evaluation of the cervix and lower uterine segment was adequately depicted in 76% with the transabdominal technique compared to 83% with the transvaginal approach. According to set guidelines, these preliminary results suggest that the transvaginal technique may be superior in obtaining an adequate evaluation of the lower uterine segment and cervix and may offer an advantage of not depending on a fully distended bladder for evaluation.

Sonography of the endometrium during conception and nonconception cycles of in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer.

The thickness of the endometrium was compared in 15 patients who conceived and 15 who did not with an in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF-ET) protocol after ovulation induction with human menopausal gonadotropin/human chorionic gonadotropin (hMG/hCG). There was no statistically significant difference (P = 1.0) in the endometrial thickness in the conception versus the nonconception group.

Sonographic depiction of normal and abnormal endometrium with histopathologic correlation.

The sonographic appearance of the endometrium was correlated to histopathologic findings in 38 patients who underwent hysterectomy. The thickness was accurately assessed by sonography (within +/- 1 mm) in 33 of 38 patients. The hypoechoic halo which surrounds the endometrium was found to represent the inner third of the myometrium which is relatively vascular and compact.

Ectopic pregnancy: a malpractice paradigm.

Subtle sonographic findings and other nonspecific clinical presentations often lead to missed diagnoses that can have significant legal implications. This communication discusses current diagnostic and laboratory methods used to evaluate patients with a suspected ectopic pregnancy in light of the concepts of "missed lesions" as they relate to negligence and malpractice theory.

Transrectal sonography of benign and malignant prostatic lesions.

Using linear-array transrectal prostate sonography, malignant lesions in 43 patients and benign lesions in 74 patients were evaluated. Prostate sonography was sensitive to textural changes produced by both benign and malignant diseases. However, there was considerable overlap in the sonographic appearances of benign and malignant lesions, and there were no sonographic features that reliably predicted malignancy.

Sonographic depiction of the endometrium during normal cycles.

Pelvic sonograms were performed every 2-3 days in 10 volunteers in order to study changes in thickness and texture that occur in the normal endometrium. A total of 75 sonograms were performed. The accuracy of sonographic estimates of endometrial thickness was also evaluated in eight patients who underwent hysterectomy for reasons unrelated to the uterus.

Uterine artery Doppler velocimetry in pregnant women with hypertension.

Uterine and umbilical artery velocimetry was carried out on 71 women with hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. Three categories of hypertensive disease were diagnosed: chronic hypertension, preeclampsia, and chronic hypertension with superimposed preeclampsia. Clinical classifications describe the severity of disease effectively, primarily because the classification is based on the appearance of abnormal physical or laboratory findings.

Ultrasound versus digitally directed prostatic needle biopsy.

During an 8-month period 55 patients with suspected but unproved prostatic carcinoma were entered randomly into a study designed to evaluate the effectiveness of ultrasound-directed transperineal needle biopsy of the prostate. Each patient was biopsied with and without ultrasound assistance; the method used first was determined randomly. Of the 15 patients diagnosed as having adenocarcinoma only 9 were proved by conventional transperineal biopsy, whereas ultrasound-guided biopsy was accurate in all 15 patients (p less than 0.

Topical vancomycin formulation for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus epidermidis blepharoconjunctivitis.

We successfully treated two patients with severe Staphylococcus epidermidis blepharoconjunctivitis by means of a topical vancomycin hydrochloride solution (50 mg/ml) prepared with sterile water. Aqueous vancomycin preparations, however, cause significant ocular irritation probably because of low pH and osmolality values. Solutions prepared with normal saline (5 mg/ml) and phosphate-buffered artificial tears (5 mg/ml and 50 mg/ml) were significantly less irritating and possessed equivalent in vitro antimicrobial activity.

Palmitate uptake by hepatocyte monolayers. Effect of albumin binding.

The uptake of 14C-palmitate by rat liver cell monolayers is depressed by binding of the fatty acid to albumin. When the uptake flux is divided by the concentration of free palmitate in the bathing medium, however, the resulting clearance is approximately 14 times greater in the presence of albumin than in its absence. These findings are not accounted for by the different diffusion rates of free and bound palmitate across an unstirred fluid layer, nor attributable to nonequilibrium binding.

Control of eye movements by working memory load.

During steady keying at a text processor touch typists scan copy and display in a repetitive way. Within a single cycle a certain text string is read from the copy by the subject and subsequently the remaining time is used to check the typed keys on the display. This behavioral pattern allows to analyse the input-output relationship between read characters and typed keys with respect to the storage characteristics of the working memory.

Magnetic resonance imaging of the breast: functional T1 and three-dimensional imaging.

Thirty-two patients with breast abnormalities and 10 normal volunteers were examined with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) utilizing a 0.5-Tesla superconducting magnet imaging system. Sagittal, coronal, and transverse breast imaging with the 50-cm body coil and with a specialized 16 X 8 cm breast coil allowed the evaluation of a single breast.