Different Patterns of Mental Health Problems in Unaccompanied Refugee Minors (URM): A Sequential Mixed Method Study.

Unaccompanied refugee minors (URM) represent one of the most vulnerable refugee groups due to their young age, developmental status, and insufficient coping strategies. Clinical observations indicate that the frequency of mental health problems varies between different URM subgroups. In the present research project, clinical interviews as a source of qualitative data were combined with quantitative psychometric information in a mixed-method approach in order to study the patterns of mental health problems in 561 URM from four different language groups (Arabic, Farsi, Somali, and Tigrinya) immediately after arrival in the host country (Germany).

SANS (USH1G) Molecularly Links the Human Usher Syndrome Protein Network to the Intraflagellar Transport Module by Direct Binding to IFT-B Proteins.

The human Usher syndrome (USH) is a retinal ciliopathy, characterized by profound congenital deafness, variable vestibular dysfunction and pre-pubertal onset of retinitis pigmentosa. In the effected sensory cells, USH protein networks are assumed to function in ciliary transport processes. The USH1G protein SANS is a scaffold of the ciliary/periciliary USH protein network of photoreceptor cells.

Trafficking of PfExp1 to the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane of Plasmodium falciparum is independent of protein folding and the PTEX translocon.

Having entered the mature human erythrocyte, the malaria parasite survives and propagates within a parasitophorous vacuole, a membrane-bound compartment separating the parasite from the host cell cytosol. The bounding membrane of this vacuole, referred to as the parasitophorous vacuolar membrane (PVM), contains parasite-encoded proteins, but how these membrane proteins are trafficked to the PVM remains unknown. Here, we have studied the trafficking of PfExp1 to the PVM.

Synthesis and biological evaluation of 4,4-dimethyl-5,5-di(1-methylethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1 H-dipyrrolo[3,4-d:2,1-f][1,2]azasiline-1,3-dione and other pyrrolediones as new antibacterial active agents.

The UV-light induced photosubstitution of 3,4-dibromo-2,5-dihydro-1H-2,5-pyrroledione (2) [1] with pyrrole derivatives leads to 3-mono- and 3,4-disubstituted pyrrolediones depending on the starting material. These pyrrole homologues of arcyriarubin A (1) are further processed by nucleophilic substitution of the remaining bromine substitutent with pyrrolidine. Cleavage of the protecting group affords the free pyrrole substituents.

New macrodiolide antibiotics, 11-O-monomethyl- and 11, 11'-O-dimethylelaiophylins, from Streptomyces sp. HKI-0113 and HKI-0114.

Elaiophylin (1) and two new methyl derivatives, 11-O-monomethylelaiophylin (2) and 11,11'-O-dimethylelaiophylin (3), were isolated from the mycelium cake of Streptomyces strains HKI-0113 and HKI-0114. The structures of 2 and 3 were determined by mass spectrometric and NMR investigations. Compounds 2 and 3 display antimicrobial and moderate cytotoxic activities.

Ampullosporin, a new peptaibol-type antibiotic from Sepedonium ampullosporum HKI-0053 with neuroleptic activity in mice.

Ampullosporin (I; Ac-Trp-Ala-Aib-Aib-Leu-Aib-Gln-Aib-Aib-Aib-Gln-Leu-Aib-Gln-Leuol) was isolated from the mycelium of Sepedonium ampullosporum as a new 15-membered peptaibol-type antibiotic. The structure was determined by mass spectrometric and two-dimensional NMR experiments. Ampullosporin displays narrow-spectrum antibacterial and antifungal activity, induces pigment formation by Phoma destructiva, causes hypothermia and decreased spontaneous locomotor activity in mice in dosages > 1 mg/kg.

Lipohexin, a new inhibitor of prolyl endopeptidase from Moeszia lindtneri (HKI-0054) and Paecilomyces sp. (HKI-0055; HKI-0096). I. Screening, isolation and structure elucidation.

Lipohexin was isolated as a novel lipohexapeptide (I) (C39H68N6O9) from three fungal strains, Moeszia lindtneri HKI-0054, Paecilomyces sp. HKI-0055 and Paecilomyces sp. HKI-0096.

Chrysospermins, new peptaibol antibiotics from Apiocrea chrysosperma Ap101.

Four new members of peptaibol antibiotics, designated as chrysospermins A, B, C, and D, were isolated from the mycelium of Apiocrea chrysosperma Ap101 by solvent extraction, silica gel chromatography and preparative recycling HPLC. Their structures as new nonadecapeptides were settled by detailed spectroscopic analysis and chemical degradation experiments. The chrysospermins display antibacterial and antifungal activity, and induce pigment formation by the fungus Phoma destructiva.

Helioferins; novel antifungal lipopeptides from Mycogone rosea: screening, isolation, structures and biological properties.

Helioferins A and B were detected as novel aminolipopeptides in cultures of Mycogone rosea DSM 8822 in the course of a screening for mediators of helianthate anion transfer from aqueous to toluene phases. Their structures as novel antibiotics and cytotoxic agents were elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic methods. Antimicrobial activity was estimated against Candida albicans and Gram-positive bacteria including Mycobacterium spp.

Aurantimycins, new depsipeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces aurantiacus IMET 43917. Production, isolation, structure elucidation, and biological activity.

Aurantimycins A (1), B (2) and C (3) were isolated from the mycelium of Streptomyces aurantiacus JA 4570 as new representatives of the azinothricin group of hexadepsipeptide antibiotics. Their structures were settled by X-ray diffraction analysis of crystalline aurantimycin A (1), high field homo- and heteronuclear 2D NMR experiments, high-resolution mass spectrometry and amino acid analysis. Aurantimycins are characterized by a new side chain containing fourteen carbon atoms.

[Biosynthesis of anthracycline: a new interpretation of the results for daunomycin biosynthesis].

On the basis of literature data and our own experiments the "late" biosynthetic pathway to daunomycin has been interpreted from a new point of view considering both the in vivo biosynthesis and formation of shunt products. In contrast to existing hypotheses proposed by other authors we discuss a modified sequence leading to C-11 oxidation and, as a consequence, understand epsilon-rhodomycinone as a shunt product instead of a biosynthetic intermediate. In addition, a new hypothesis about the "early" steps of the ring formation from polyketides by a sequence of enzyme reactions has been proposed.

Physiochemical characterization of substituted chromeno[4,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine stereoisomers designed as cell membrane active antitumor agents.

As an alternative to naturally occurring pyrrolo[2,1-c][1,4]benzodiazepines (e.g., antramycin) which possess properties of DNA alkylation, we have designed several antileukemic chromeno[4,3-b][1,5]benzodiazepine derivatives with potential activity toward leukemia cell membranes and the cyclic nucleotide system.

Kinetics of secondary metabolite formation by wild type and mutant strains of Streptomyces griseus.

In a particle containing medium, the kinetics of formation of secondary metabolites of a Streptomyces wild type and a mutant strain were determined by spectrophotometric measurements of the anthracyclinone pigments and by the analysis of antibiotic activity of the substances produced. The results were related to the physiological state of the culture derived from the oxygen supply. The total cultivation time was about 400 hours.

[Structure-activity relation for rhodomycin-type antibiotics and the inhibition kinetics of single-stranded and double-stranded DNA- and RNA-viruses].

The antiviral activity of anthracycline antibiotics of rhodomycin group was investigated by two independent methods which determined the infectious units or antigenicity of the viruses. The action of rhodomycin depended on the structure, number, and position of amino sugar in aglycon. The antiviral activity was found to increase in serial order: iremycin--adriamycin--daunomycin--alpha-rubicin--beta-rhodom ycin-- violamycin B I complex by inhibition kinetics determined with adenovirus.

[Relationships between structure and activity of anthracycline antibiotics of the rhodomycin group: inhibition kinetics of DNA and RNA viruses of the double- and single-strand types].

Antiviral activity from anthracycline antibiotics of rhodomycin-type was investigated by two independent methods, which determined the infectious units and antigenity of incomplete virions. The action of rhodomycin was dependent on structure, number and position of amino sugar, which is in aglycon. The viruses of double-stranded DNA and RNA viruses was stronger inhibited as single-stranded RNA viruses.

Compartmentation of enzymes interconverting aclacinomycins in Streptomyces species AM 33352.

The enzymatic interconversion of the aclacinomycins A (I), Y (II), and B (III) by Streptomyces spec. AM 33352/S 182 producing these aklavinone glycosides was investigated. The enzymes converting I to II and III, as well as vice versa, are located within different compartments separated by the cytoplasmic membrane.

Inhibitors of the cleavage of aclacinomycins.

The reductive cleavage of the aclacinomycins A (I), Y (II), and B (III) by intact mycelia or subcellular fractions of the producer strain S. spec. AM 33352/F43 is suppressed in the presence of uncouplers, complex-forming agents, detergents, and some metal anions such as chromate.

Streptavidin assay by means of biotinylated actinophages.

Using D-biotinyl-N-hydroxysuccinimide ester, biotin was covalently attached to actinophage SLE 111. The chemically modified actinophage preparation (SLE 111-BIO) was prevented from forming plaques by biotin-binding proteins, such as streptavidin and avidin. The avidin concentration at 50% inactivation of biotinylated actinophages was 0.

[The synthesis and biologic activity of analogs of 1,4-benzoquinone-guanylhydrazone-thiosemicarbazone. 2. Substitution at the quinone ring by alkyl groups].

Because of the anticancer activity of 1,4-benzoquinone-guanylhydrazone-thiosemicarbazone (1a) some analogues were synthesized, containing alkyl groups at the quinone moiety. If necessary, the structure of the obtained compounds was confirmed by 1H-NMR-spectroscopy. The anticancer and the antibacterial activities were investigated.

Butylmaduramycin, a new antibiotic from Actinomadura rubra.

Butylmaduramycin, a new derivative of maduramycin was isolated from the culture medium of a mutant strain of Actinomadura rubra. This communication describes some biological and physico-chemical characteristics of the new antibiotic.

Interaction of anthracycline antibiotics with biopolymers: comparative studies of DNA binding and antimicrobial activity of rhodomycin-type anthracycline antibiotics.

The binding of the anthracyclines beta-rhodomycin-I and beta-rhodomycin-II to calf thymus DNA was investigated by both equilibrium and kinetic methods taking into account ligand dimerization (ionic strength I = 0.2 M, pH 6.0).