Ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW): five-year outcomes of a randomised trial.

Background: Concerns remain over the long-term safety of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). RAINBOW is an open label randomised trial comparing intravitreal ranibizumab (in 0.2 mg and 0.

Editor's Choice - Management of Lower Extremity Venous Outflow Obstruction: Results of an International Delphi Consensus.

Objective: The endovascular treatment of venous obstruction has expanded significantly in recent years. Best practices for optimal patient outcomes are not well established and the evidence base is poor. The purpose of this study was to obtain consensus on management criteria for patients with lower extremity venous outflow obstruction.

The impact of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design features on the transmission of viruses, including the 2019 novel coronavirus: A systematic review of filtration.

Historically, viruses have demonstrated airborne transmission. Emerging evidence suggests the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) that causes COVID-19 also spreads by airborne transmission. This is more likely in indoor environments, particularly with poor ventilation.

The impact of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design features on the transmission of viruses, including the 2019 novel coronavirus: A systematic review of ventilation and coronavirus.

Aerosol transmission has been a pathway for the spread of many viruses. Similarly, emerging evidence has determined aerosol transmission for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and the resulting COVID-19 pandemic to be significant. As such, data regarding the effect of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) features to control and mitigate virus transmission is essential.

The Impact of Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Design Features on the Transmission of Viruses, Including SARS-CoV-2: Overview of Reviews.

Background: The COVID-19 or SARS-CoV-2 outbreak was declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization in March 2020. Almost 2 years later (early February 2022), the World Health Organization reported over 383 million cases of the disease caused by the virus, with over 5.6 million deaths worldwide.

The impact of heating, ventilation and air conditioning (HVAC) design features on the transmission of viruses, including the 2019 novel coronavirus (COVID-19): A systematic review of humidity.

The aerosol route has been a pathway for transmission of many viruses. Similarly, recent evidence has determined aerosol transmission for SARS-CoV-2 to be significant. Consequently, public health officials and professionals have sought data regarding the role of Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) features as a means to mitigate transmission of viruses, particularly coronaviruses.

The impact of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning design features on the transmission of viruses, including the 2019 novel coronavirus: A systematic review of ultraviolet radiation.

Respiratory viruses are capable of transmitting via an aerosol route. Emerging evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 which causes COVID-19 can be spread through airborne transmission, particularly in indoor environments with poor ventilation. Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) systems can play a role in mitigating airborne virus transmission.

Novel tetrameric cell penetrating antimicrobial peptoids effective against mycobacteria and drug-resistant .

Background: Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are short, cationic, amphipathic molecules that have gained tremendous popularity as alternatives to traditional antibiotics due to their lower propensity to develop bacterial resistance. However, the clinical developability of AMPs remains impeded due to shortcomings such as proteolytic instability and poor penetration leading to low bioavailability.

Aims: To improve the access of AMPs to cells and subsequent bacteria killing, we evaluated the cell-penetrating and antimicrobial properties of three novel libraries of synthetic peptoids using Minimum Inhibitory Concentration, killing efficacy and membrane permeabilization assays against mycobacteria and .

Time Course of Retinopathy of Prematurity Regression and Reactivation After Treatment with Ranibizumab or Laser in the RAINBOW Trial.

Purpose: To study the time course of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) regression and reactivation after treatment with intravitreal ranibizumab or laser in the ranibizumab compared with laser therapy for the treatment of infants born prematurely with ROP trial.

Design: Post hoc analysis of a randomized, clinical trial.

Subjects: A total of 225 infants (448 eyes) were randomized to ranibizumab 0.

Large scale coherent magnetohydrodynamic oscillations in a sunspot.

Although theoretically predicted, the simultaneous excitation of several resonant modes in sunspots has not been observed. Like any harmonic oscillator, a solar magnetic flux tube can support a variety of resonances, which constitute the natural response of the system to external forcing. Apart from a few single low order eigenmodes in small scale magnetic structures, several simultaneous resonant modes were not found in extremely large sunspots.

2-year outcomes of ranibizumab versus laser therapy for the treatment of very low birthweight infants with retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW extension study): prospective follow-up of an open label, randomised controlled trial.

Background: Intravitreal injection of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors is increasingly used to treat retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in the absence of evidence about long-term efficacy or safety. In this prespecified interim analysis of the RAINBOW extension study, we aimed to prospectively assess outcomes at age 2 years.

Methods: RAINBOW was an open-label, randomised trial that compared intravitreal ranibizumab (at 0·1 mg and 0·2 mg doses) with laser therapy for the treatment of ROP in very low birthweight infants (<1500 g).

International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition.

Purpose: The International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity is a consensus statement that creates a standard nomenclature for classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). It was initially published in 1984, expanded in 1987, and revisited in 2005. This article presents a third revision, the International Classification of Retinopathy of Prematurity, Third Edition (ICROP3), which is now required because of challenges such as: (1) concerns about subjectivity in critical elements of disease classification; (2) innovations in ophthalmic imaging; (3) novel pharmacologic therapies (e.

The Assessment of Visual Fields in Infants Using Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP): A Feasibility Study.

Purpose: To examine the feasibility of saccadic vector optokinetic perimetry (SVOP), an automated eye tracking perimeter, as a tool for visual field (VF) assessment in infants.

Methods: Thirteen healthy infants aged between 3.5 and 12.

A case control study examining the feasibility of using eye tracking perimetry to differentiate patients with glaucoma from healthy controls.

To explore the feasibility of using Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP) to differentiate glaucomatous and healthy eyes. A prospective case-control study was performed using a convenience sample recruited from a single university glaucoma clinic and a group of healthy controls. SVOP and standard automated perimetry (SAP) was performed with testing order randomised.

On the influence of magnetic topology on the propagation of internal gravity waves in the solar atmosphere.

The solar surface is a continuous source of internal gravity waves (IGWs). IGWs are believed to supply the bulk of the wave energy for the lower solar atmosphere, but their existence and role for the energy balance of the upper layers is still unclear, largely due to the lack of knowledge about the influence of the Sun's magnetic fields on their propagation. In this work, we look at naturally excited IGWs in realistic models of the solar atmosphere and study the effect of different magnetic field topographies on their propagation.

A new method for detecting solar atmospheric gravity waves.

Internal gravity waves have been observed in the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, on Mars and Jupiter, and in the Sun's atmosphere. Despite ample evidence for the existence of propagating gravity waves in the Sun's atmosphere, we still do not have a full understanding of their characteristics and overall role for the dynamics and energetics of the solar atmosphere. Here, we present a new approach to study the propagation of gravity waves in the solar atmosphere.

High-frequency oscillations in small chromospheric bright features observed with Atacama Large Millimetre/Submillimetre Array.

We report detection of oscillations in brightness temperature, size and horizontal velocity of three small bright features in the chromosphere of a plage/enhanced-network region. The observations, which were taken with high temporal resolution (i.e.

An overall view of temperature oscillations in the solar chromosphere with ALMA.

By direct measurements of the gas temperature, the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has yielded a new diagnostic tool to study the solar chromosphere. Here, we present an overview of the brightness-temperature fluctuations from several high-quality and high-temporal-resolution (i.e.

Acoustic-gravity wave propagation characteristics in three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere.

There has been tremendous progress in the degree of realism of three-dimensional radiation magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of the solar atmosphere in the past decades. Four of the most frequently used numerical codes are Bifrost, CO5BOLD, MANCHA3D and MURaM. Here we test and compare the wave propagation characteristics in model runs from these four codes by measuring the dispersion relation of acoustic-gravity waves at various heights.

Development of an Age-corrected Normative Database for Saccadic Vector Optokinetic Perimetry (SVOP).

Precis: Normal age-corrected threshold sensitivity values were determined for a new eye tracking perimeter and compared with standard automated perimetry (SAP).

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine threshold visual field sensitivities in normal subjects performing saccadic vector optokinetic perimetry (SVOP), a new eye tracking perimeter.

Patients And Methods: A total of 113 healthy participants performed SVOP and SAP in both eyes with the order of testing randomized.

Ranibizumab Population Pharmacokinetics and Free VEGF Pharmacodynamics in Preterm Infants With Retinopathy of Prematurity in the RAINBOW Trial.

Purpose: To develop a population pharmacokinetic (PK) model for intravitreal ranibizumab in infants with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) and assess plasma free vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) pharmacodynamics (PD).

Methods: The RAnibizumab compared with laser therapy for the treatment of INfants BOrn prematurely With retinopathy of prematurity (RAINBOW) trial enrolled 225 infants to receive a bilateral intravitreal injection of ranibizumab 0.1 mg, ranibizumab 0.

Speed and accuracy of saccades in patients with glaucoma evaluated using an eye tracking perimeter.

Background: To examine the speed and accuracy of saccadic eye movements during a novel eye tracking threshold visual field assessment and determine whether eye movement parameters may improve ability to detect glaucoma.

Methods: A prospective study including both eyes of 31 patients with glaucoma and 23 controls. Standard automated perimetry (SAP) and eye tracking perimetry (saccadic vector optokinetic perimetry, SVOP) was performed.

Tubulointerstitial nephritis and uveitis (TINU) syndrome and recent infection in a 9-year-old girl.

A 9-year-old girl presented to hospital with a 6-week history of non-specific constitutional symptoms and weight loss. She initially underwent extensive medical investigation without diagnosis being achieved. Although raised inflammatory markers and impaired renal function were noted during her initial admission to hospital, it was her subsequent presentation 2 weeks later with sudden-onset bilateral anterior uveitis that prompted a renal biopsy that indicated acute tubulointerstitial nephritis.