Long-term weight gain in children with craniopharyngioma.

Objective: Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma mainly affects children. Excessive weight gain is a major long-term complication. The primary objective of this study was to assess long-term weight changes in children treated for craniopharyngioma.

Identifying patient-related predictors of permanent growth hormone deficiency.

Objective: Isolated childhood growth hormone deficiency (GHD) can persist into adulthood, and re-testing at the transition period is needed to determine whether continued growth hormone therapy is indicated. Here, our objective was to identify predictors of permanent GHD.

Design: Retrospective single-centre study of patients with childhood-onset GHD who were re-tested after adult height attainment.

Puberty and fertility in classic galactosemia.

Classic galactosemia is a rare inborn error of galactose metabolism with a birth prevalence of about 1/30,000-60,000. Long-term complications occurring despite dietary treatment consist of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and neurodevelopmental impairments. We performed with the French Reference Centers for Rare Diseases a multisite collaborative questionnaire survey for classic galactosemic patients.

Long-term Metabolic and Socioeducational Outcomes of Transient Neonatal Diabetes: A Longitudinal and Cross-sectional Study.

Objective: Transient neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM) occurs during the 1st year of life and remits during childhood. We investigated glucose metabolism and socioeducational outcomes in adults.

Research Design And Methods: We included 27 participants with a history of TNDM currently with ( = 24) or without ( = 3) relapse of diabetes and 16 non-TNDM relatives known to be carriers of causal genetic defects and currently with ( = 9) or without ( = 7) diabetes.

Pituitary deficiency and precocious puberty after childhood severe traumatic brain injury: a long-term follow-up prospective study.

Objectives Childhood traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a public health issue. Our objectives were to determine the prevalence of permanent pituitary hormone deficiency and to detect the emergence of other pituitary dysfunctions or central precocious puberty several years after severe TBI. Design Follow-up at least 5 years post severe TBI of a prospective longitudinal study.

Improved General and Height-Specific Quality of Life in Children With Short Stature After 1 Year on Growth Hormone.

Objective: Short stature in children and adolescents may lead to social and emotional stress, with negative effects on quality of life (QoL). GH treatment may improve QoL through height normalization. Our objective here was to evaluate general and height-specific QoL after 1 year of GH treatment.

Arterial Spin Labeling and Central Precocious Puberty.

Purpose: To evaluate a non-invasive method to assess the progressivity of idiopathic central precocious puberty (CPP) by quantifying perfusion of the pituitary stalk with arterial spin labeling (ASL) and using the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test as a reference test to define progressive CPP.

Methods: In a single center retrospective study, 52 consecutive patients, observed between October 2015 and April 2017 and referred with early signs of puberty, were evaluated using the GnRH test and cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Patients with peripheral or non-idiopathic puberty were excluded.

Efficacy and Safety of Continuous Subcutaneous Infusion of Recombinant Human Gonadotropins for Congenital Micropenis during Early Infancy .

Background: Early postnatal administration of gonadotropins to infants with congenital hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (CHH) can mimic minipuberty, thereby increasing penile growth. We assessed the effects of gonadotropin infusion on stretched penile length (SPL) and hormone levels in infants with congenital micropenis.

Methods: Single-center study including 6 males with micropenis in case of isolated CHH (n = 4), panhypopituitarism (n = 1), and partial androgen insensitivity syndrome (PAIS; n = 1).

False biochemical diagnosis of hyperthyroidism in streptavidin-biotin-based immunoassays: the problem of biotin intake and related interferences.

Immunoassays are now commonly used for hormone measurement, in high throughput analytical platforms. Immunoassays are generally robust to interference. However, endogenous analytical error may occur in some patients; this may be encountered in biotin supplementation or in the presence of anti-streptavidin antibody, in immunoassays involving streptavidin-biotin interaction.

Sulfonylurea Therapy Benefits Neurological and Psychomotor Functions in Patients With Neonatal Diabetes Owing to Potassium Channel Mutations.

Objective: Neonatal diabetes secondary to mutations in potassium-channel subunits is a rare disease but constitutes a paradigm for personalized genetics-based medicine, as replacing the historical treatment with insulin injections with oral sulfonylurea (SU) therapy has been proven beneficial. SU receptors are widely expressed in the brain, and we therefore evaluated potential effects of SU on neurodevelopmental parameters, which are known to be unresponsive to insulin.

Research Design And Methods: We conducted a prospective single-center study.

Inadequate cortisol response to the tetracosactide (Synacthen®) test in non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia: an exception to the rule?

Aims: To describe cortisol response to tetracosactide and to review the literature on adrenal function in non-classic congenital adrenal hyperplasia (NCCAH) patients.

Methods: We compared cortisol responses to tetracosactide (250 μg) between NCCAH patients and a comparison group (CG) of patients with premature pubarche and normal tetracosactide test. An adequate cortisol response was defined as a peak ≥18 μg/dl.

Characterization and prevalence of severe primary IGF1 deficiency in a large cohort of French children with short stature.

Objective: The prevalence of severe primary IGF1 deficiency (IGFD) is unclear. IGFD must be identified promptly as treatment with recombinant human IGF1 (rhIGF1) is now available. Our objective was to characterize and assess the prevalence of severe primary IGFD in a large cohort of patients evaluated for short stature at a pediatric endocrinology unit in France.

Prevalence of pituitary dysfunction after severe traumatic brain injury in children and adolescents: a large prospective study.

Context: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) in childhood is a major public health issue.

Objective: We sought to determine the prevalence of pituitary dysfunction in children and adolescents after severe TBI and to identify any potential predictive factors.

Design: This was a prospective longitudinal study.

Neuropsychological dysfunction and developmental defects associated with genetic changes in infants with neonatal diabetes mellitus: a prospective cohort study [corrected].

Background: Neonatal diabetes mellitus is a rare genetic form of pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. We compared phenotypic features and clinical outcomes according to genetic subtypes in a cohort of patients diagnosed with neonatal diabetes mellitus before age 1 year, without β-cell autoimmunity and with normal pancreas morphology.

Methods: We prospectively investigated patients from 20 countries referred to the French Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus Study Group from 1995 to 2010.

Unexpected high frequency of skeletal dysplasia in idiopathic short stature and small for gestational age patients.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of skeletal dysplasias (SDs) in patients with idiopathic short stature (ISS) or small for gestational age (SGA) status.

Setting: Rare Endocrine/Growth Diseases Center in Paris, France.

Design: A prospective study on consecutive patients with ISS and SGA enrolled from 2004 to 2009.

Transient hyper-17-hydroxyprogesteronemia: a clinical subgroup of patients diagnosed at neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia.

Objective: Neonatal screening for congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) is characterized by a high false-positive rate, mainly among preterm and low birth weight infants. The aims of this study were to describe a subgroup of infants with transient serum hyper-17-hydroxyprogesteronemia (hyper-17-OHPemia) and to compare them with false positive and affected by 21-hydroxylase deficiency newborns.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of all newborns positive at CAH neonatal screening, who were referred to our hospital to confirm the diagnosis from 2002 to 2006.

Neonatal bilateral ovarian sex cord stromal tumors.

A child was referred for evaluation after prenatal diagnosis with macrosomia, clitoromegaly, labial hypertrophy, and a left ovarian cyst. The karyotype was 46,XX. The postnatal pelvic ultrasound was normal.

Neonatal hyperglycaemia and abnormal development of the pancreas.

Transient and permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus (TNDM and PNDM) are rare conditions occurring in around 1 per 300,000 live births. In TNDM, growth-retarded infants develop diabetes in the first few weeks of life, only to go into remission after a few months with possible relapse to permanent diabetes usually around adolescence or in adulthood. In PNDM, insulin secretory failure occurs in the late fetal or early postnatal period.

[Neonatal diabetes: a disease linked to multiple mechanisms].

Transient (TNDM) and Permanent (PNDM) Neonatal Diabetes Mellitus are rare conditions occurring in about 1: 300,000 live births. In TNDM growth retarded infants develop diabetes in the first few weeks of life only to go into remission in a few months with possible relapse to a permanent diabetes state usually around adolescence or as adults. We believe that pancreatic dysfunction in this condition is maintained throughout life with relapse initiated at times of metabolic stress such as puberty or pregnancy.

Diabetes in very young children and mutations in the insulin-secreting cell potassium channel genes: therapeutic consequences.

ATP-sensitive potassium (KATP) channels regulate the flux of K+ ions across the cell membranes and couple cell metabolism to electrical activity. These channels are octameric complexes of 4 pore-forming Kir and 4 regulatory sulphonylurea receptor (SUR) subunits. The KATP channels play multiple physiological roles in the glucose metabolism regulation, especially in the pancreatic Beta-cells where they regulate insulin secretion, in response to increases in ATP concentration.

Diabetes and hypoglycaemia in young children and mutations in the Kir6.2 subunit of the potassium channel: therapeutic consequences.

ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K(ATP)) couple cell metabolism to electrical activity by regulating potassium movement across the membrane. These channels are octameric complex with two kind of subunits: four regulatory sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) embracing four poreforming inwardly rectifying potassium channel (Kir). Several isoforms exist for each type of subunits: SUR1 is found in the pancreatic beta-cell and neurons, whereas SUR2A is in heart cells and SUR2B in smooth muscle; Kir6.

Switching from insulin to oral sulfonylureas in patients with diabetes due to Kir6.2 mutations.

Background: Heterozygous activating mutations in KCNJ11, encoding the Kir6.2 subunit of the ATP-sensitive potassium (K(ATP)) channel, cause 30 to 58 percent of cases of diabetes diagnosed in patients under six months of age. Patients present with ketoacidosis or severe hyperglycemia and are treated with insulin.