Association Between Diabetes and Risk of Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies.

Purpose: Metabolic diseases such as diabetes mellitus may play a role in the development and progression of prostate cancer (PC); however, this association remains to be explored in the context of specific PC stages. The objective of this study was to systematically review the evidence for an association between diabetes and overall, early, or advanced PC risk.

Materials And Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was performed (MEDLINE, EMBASE, and CINAHL) from inception until September 2023.

Cardiometabolic Health in Adolescents with Obesity: The Role of Protein Intake, Diet Quality, and Physical Activity.

Although adolescents with obesity have an increased risk of cardiometabolic disease, a subset maintains a healthy cardiometabolic profile. Unhealthy lifestyle behaviors may determine cardiometabolic risk. We aimed to characterize the lifestyle behaviors of adolescents with obesity, compare differences between metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO), and assess associations between lifestyle behaviors and cardiometabolic profiles.

Dichotomous effect of dietary fiber in pediatrics: a narrative review of the health benefits and tolerance of fiber.

Dietary fibers are associated with favorable gastrointestinal, immune, and metabolic health outcomes when consumed at sufficient levels. Despite the well-described benefits of dietary fibers, children and adolescents continue to fall short of daily recommended levels. This gap in fiber intake (i.

The metabolic load-capacity model and cardiometabolic health in children and youth with obesity.

Background: The metabolic load-capacity index (LCI), which represents the ratio of adipose to skeletal muscle tissue-containing compartments, is potentially associated with cardiometabolic diseases.

Objectives: To examine the associations between the LCI and cardiometabolic risk factors in children and youth with obesity.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study including 10-18 years-old participants with a BMI of ≥95 .

Long-Term Lifestyle Habits and Quality of Life after Roux-in-Y Gastric Bypass in Brazilian Public versus Private Healthcare Systems: Beyond Weight Loss.

Lifestyle and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are good markers of surgical obesity treatment. This study aimed to investigate the lifestyle and HRQoL of patients at least five years after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in public (SUS) and private (PVT) Brazilian healthcare systems. In this cross-sectional study, weight loss (WL), % of excess WL (%EWL), diet quality, physical activity, alcohol consumption, and HRQoL were evaluated.

Sarcopenic obesity diagnosis by different criteria mid-to long-term post-bariatric surgery.

Background/aims: The aim of this study was to apply the European Society for Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism/European Association for the Study of Obesity (ESPEN/EASO) consensus to identify sarcopenic obesity (SO) in adults mid to long-term post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) using both dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA) and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Further, this approach was compared to accepted sarcopenia diagnostic criteria (Revised European Working Group on Sarcopenia in Older People [EWGSOP2] and Sarcopenia Definition and Outcomes Consortium [SDOC]).

Methods: This cross-sectional study included adults ≥2 years post-RYGB surgery.

Effect of physical exercise on muscle strength in adults following bariatric surgery: A systematic review and meta-analysis of different muscle strength assessment tests.

Individuals following bariatric surgery are considered at high risk for the development of sarcopenic obesity (excess fat mass, low muscle mass and low physical function), and exercise may play an important role in its prevention and treatment. We systematically reviewed 5 scientific databases (Embase, Medline, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science) and 2 grey literature databases (ProQuest and Google Scholar) for clinical trials that evaluated the effect of exercise on muscle strength in adults following bariatric surgery and conducted a separate meta-analysis for studies that used different muscle strength tests. Random-effect models, restricted maximum likelihood method and Hedges' g were used.

Resistance Training Improves Muscle Strength and Function, Regardless of Protein Supplementation, in the Mid- to Long-Term Period after Gastric Bypass.

Inadequate protein intake and low levels of physical activity are common long-term sequelae after bariatric surgery and can negatively affect muscle strength (MS) and physical function (PF). The study investigated the effects of resistance training with or without protein supplementation on MS and PF. The study, which involved a 12-week controlled trial ( = 61) of individuals 2-7 years post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB), comprised four groups: whey protein supplementation (PRO; = 18), maltodextrin placebo (control [CON]; = 17), resistance training combined with placebo (RTP; = 11), and resistance training combined with whey protein supplementation (RTP+PRO; = 15).

The Positive Impact of Resistance Training on Muscle Mass and Serum Leptin Levels in Patients 2-7 Years Post-Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: A Controlled Clinical Trial.

Purpose: Resistance training program (RTP) assist the maintenance of optimal body composition and inflammatory response modulation in individuals in late Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB). This study aimed to investigate the effect of RTP on body composition and serum inflammatory profile in individuals 2-7 years post-RYGB.

Methods: Volunteers were matched on body mass index (BMI), age, sex, and years after surgery, and they were allocated as control or RTP group.

Effects of Resistance Training With or Without Protein Supplementation on Body Composition and Resting Energy Expenditure in Patients 2-7 Years PostRoux-en-Y Gastric Bypass: a Controlled Clinical Trial.

Background: Resistance training (RT) and adequate protein intake are recommended as strategies to preserve fat-free mass (FFM) and resting metabolic demand after bariatric surgery. However, the effect of both interventions combined in the late postoperative period is unclear. This study investigated the effects of RT, isolated and combined with protein supplementation, on body composition and resting energy expenditure (REE) in the late postoperative period of Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB).

Gut Microbiota Modifications and Weight Regain in Morbidly Obese Women After Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass.

Introduction: The relationship between late post-bariatric surgery weight regain and gut microbiota is not completely understood.

Objective: To analyze the profile of gut microbiota among patients with and without late weight regain after post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and to compare it with a control group (CG) comprised of obese Brazilian individuals.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study which enrolled 34 morbidly obese women divided into 3 groups: post-Roux-en-Y gastric bypass without (RYGB_non-regain), and with weight regain (RYGB_regain) at least 5 years after surgery, and a CG of preoperative individuals.

The effect of unilateral muscle fatigue of hip abductor muscles on balance and functional capacity in community-dwelling older women.

Background: Hip abductor muscles are important for the maintenance of postural stability, mainly on the mediolateral direction and unipodal support conditions. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effect of unilateral induced fatigue of hip abductor muscles on balance and functional capacity of older women.

Methods: The study included physically independent women aged 60-75 years.

Perception of Hunger/Satiety and Nutrient Intake in Women Who Regain Weight in the Postoperative Period After Bariatric Surgery.

Objective: To investigate the perception of hunger and satiety and its association with nutrient intake in women who regain weight in the postoperative period after bariatric surgery.

Methods: Cross-sectional study of adult women divided into three groups: weight regain (n = 20), stable weight (n = 20) (both at least 24 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery), and non-operated obesity (n = 20). A visual analogue scale measured hunger/satiety perception while fasting, immediately after finishing a test meal, and 180 min after finishing the test meal.