Restorative and endodontic clinical strategies during COVID-19 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic: a revision of the literature.

The aim of this study was to analyze clinical strategies supported by validated references during two of the most frequent dental emergencies (i.e. restorative and endodontic treatment) in the COVID-19 pandemic.

Smear Layer Removing Ability of Root Canal Irrigation Solutions: A Review.

Aim: The purpose of this review is to address the smear layer removing the ability of root different canal irrigants including ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), a mixture of tetracycline, acid and detergent (MTAD), tetraclean, citric acid, Q-Mix, maleic acid, and smear clear.

Background: Smear layer is a layer which is produced during instrumentation. It contains both organic and inorganic materials.

Comparison of Antimicrobial Substantivity of Six Root Canal Irrigants against .

Introduction: The antimicrobial substantivity of Mixture of Doxycycline, Citric acid, and Tween 80 (MTAD), Tetraclean, Tetraclean NA, Q-Mix, 2% Chlorhexidine (CHX) and Octenisept was assessed in human root dentine blocks infected with

Methods And Materials: A total of 170 dentine tubes were prepared from human maxillary incisors. After crown and apical third removal, cementum was abraded. The remaining center-holed pieces were cut into 4-mm blocks, infected with in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) broth for 28 days, then randomly divided into 6 experimental groups (=25) and 2 controls (=10).

Recent Advances in Root Canal Disinfection: A Review.

The microbial biofilm is an important factor for human infection. Finding effective antimicrobial strategies should be considered for decreasing antimicrobial resistance and controlling the infectious diseases. Treatment of infected canal systems may not be able to remove all bacteria and so bacterial persistence after treatment may occur.

Root Canal Irrigants and Dentin Bonding: An Update.

The purpose of the review was to assess the effect of root canal irrigants on dentin bonding. A PubMed-based search was conducted on the articles published from 1980 to 2016. A brief overview and reviewing the effect on dentin bonding of common root canal irrigation solutions such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), chlorhexidine (CHX), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), mixture of a tetracycline, acid and a detergent (MTAD) and ozone was conducted.

Effect of Surfactants on the Efficacy of Root Canal Irrigants: A Review.

The mechanical debridement of the root canal system fails to completely remove debris from the root canal walls. So, one or more irrigants must be used for complete disinfection of the root canal system (RCS). One possible way to improve the bactericidal efficacy of the disinfecting solutions is to incorporate different detergents as surface active agents to help reduce the surface tension and increase the wettability of the solutions.

Penetration of hypochlorites with lowered surface tension into dentine tubules.

Background: The purpose of the present study was to assess the effect of concentration and temperature of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) with added surfactants and time of exposure on its penetration into human dentine.

Methods: Seventy-five extracted permanent maxillary anterior teeth with single canals were shaped by using ProTaper SX hand-operated instruments. Then teeth were sectioned perpendicular to their long axis.

Penetration of Sodium Hypochlorite Modified with Surfactants into Root Canal Dentin.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of concentration, exposure time and temperature of sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) added with surfactants on its penetration into dentinal tubules. Sixty-five extracted human permanent maxillary anterior teeth with single canals were prepared by ProTaper SX hand-operated instruments. The teeth were then sectioned perpendicular to the long axis.

Management of Root Resorption Using Chemical Agents: A Review.

Root resorption (RR) is defined as the loss of dental hard tissues because of clastic activity inside or outside of tooth the root. In the permanent dentition, RR is a pathologic event; if untreated, it might result in the premature loss of the affected tooth. Several hypotheses have been suggested as the mechanisms of root resorption such as absence of the remnants of Hertwig's epithelial root sheath (HERS) and the absence of some intrinsic factors in cementum and predentin such as amelogenin or osteoprotegerin (OPG).

Impact of Ultrasonic Activation on the Effectiveness of Sodium Hypochlorite: A Review.

Using ultrasonic devices in endodontics can enhance the antibacterial and tissue dissolving ability of different root canal irrigants such as sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) which is the most common irrigant with excellent antibacterial and tissue dissolving abilities. However, due to its high surface tension, its penetration into the irregularities of the root canal system is a challenge. The purpose of this paper was to review the different ultrasonic devices, different types of ultrasonic irrigation, the effect(s) of ultrasonic activation on the antibacterial and biofilm-removal abilities of NaOCl as well as the effect of ultrasonic activation on the smear layer removal ability of NaOCl.

Agonistic and Antagonistic Interactions between Chlorhexidine and Other Endodontic Agents: A Critical Review.

Root canal irrigants play a significant role in elimination of the microorganisms, tissue remnants, and removal of the debris and smear layer. No single solution is able to fulfill all these actions completely; therefore, a combination of irrigants may be required. The aim of this investigation was to review the agonistic and antagonistic interactions between chlorhexidine (CHX) and other irrigants and medicaments.

Antibacterial power of sodium hypochlorite combined with surfactants and acetic acid.

The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the antibacterial power of 1% NaOCl with 1% acetic acid, 5.25% NaOCl and two commercially available NaOCl modified with surfactants in bovine root dentin. A total of 120 dentin tubes prepared from intact bovine incisors were infected for 21 days with Enterococcus faecalis and randomly divided into six groups as follows: 5.

Effect of irrigation with Tetraclean on bacterial leakage of obturated root canals.

The purpose of the study presented here was to evaluate the effect of Tetraclean, Hypoclean, Chlor-XTRA, 2% chlorhexidine and 6% sodium hypochlorite/17% EDTA as a final irrigant on bacterial leakage of the root canal. One hundred and fifty-five extracted human maxillary central incisors were randomly divided into five experimental groups of 25 teeth each and two control groups of 15 teeth each. The root canals in each group were irrigated with 2 ml of the relevant irrigant between each filing.

Microbial biofilms in endodontic infections: an update review.

Biofilms and microbial aggregates are the common mechanisms for the survival of bacteria in nature. In other words, the ability to form biofilms has been regarded as a virulence factor. Microbial biofilms play an essential role in several infectious diseases such as pulp and periradicular pathosis.

Evaluation of the antifungal activity of four solutions used as a final rinse in vitro.

The aim of the study was to compare the antifungal activity of 1.3% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), MTAD and Tetraclean as a final rinse against Candida albicans in a human tooth model in vitro. Ninety extracted human maxillary central and lateral incisor teeth were randomly divided into four groups each with 20 teeth, a positive and a negative control each with five teeth.

Effect of initial irrigation with sodium hypochlorite on residual antibacterial activity of tetraclean.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dentin pretreatment with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) on the antibacterial substantivity of Tetraclean in bovine root dentin in vitro. One hundred and forty dentin tubes prepared from bovine incisor teeth were infected with Enterococcus faecalis for 14 days. The specimens were divided into five groups as follows: Tetraclean; 5.

Antimicrobial effect of three new and two established root canal irrigation solutions.

This study sought to assess the efficacy of two established and three relatively new root canal irrigants against five different microorganisms using the agar diffusion method. Sodium hypochloride (NaOCl)-based irrigants demonstrated the most effective antimicrobial activity.

Antibacterial activity of a new mineral trioxide aggregate-based root canal sealer.

Objectives: To compare the antibacterial effect of AH-26, white-coloured mineral trioxide aggregate (WMTA) and CPM sealer against Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus mutans after 24 h and 1 week.

Materials And Methods: All materials were prepared according to the manufacturers' directions immediately before testing. The antibacterial effect of each agent was determined by measuring the diameter of the zone of inhibition in millimetres after incubation at 37°C for 24 h and 7 days in a humid atmosphere.