Harnessing root exudates for plant microbiome engineering and stress resistance in plants.

A wide range of abiotic and biotic stresses adversely affect plant's growth and production. Under stress, one of the main responses of plants is the modulation of exudates excreted in the rhizosphere, which consequently leads to alterations in the resident microbiota. Thus, the exudates discharged into the rhizospheric environment play a preponderant role in the association and formation of plant-microbe interactions.

Does Physical Fitness Relate to Academic Achievement in High School Students?

Background: Academic achievement (AA) is an important issue not only during the school period since it is a strong predictor of long-term professional and social success. Physical fitness (PF) components are associated with AA, and previous studies were conducted with relatively small samples, lack of statistical power, and the conclusions are based on simple correlational analyses. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between PF (single and clustered) with AA in a large and representative sample of high school students.

Penetrating Orbital Trauma by Large Foreign Body: Case Series Study with Treatment Guidelines and Literature Review.

Purpose: The present study aims to describe a case study of large penetrating orbital trauma and treatment guidelines associated with a review of English-language literature of large foreign bodies impacting the orbit from 1997 to 2020.

Patients And Methods: Five patients suffered large penetrating orbital trauma and required emergency surgical procedures.

Results: Together with this present study, a total of 33 cases were selected.

Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis promote tomato growth.

Bacillus spp. are widely marketed and used in agricultural systems as antagonists to various phytopathogens, but it can also benefit the plant as plant growth promoters. Therefore, the longer presence of the bacterium in the rhizosphere would result in a prolonged growth-promoting benefit, but little is yet known about its persistence in the rhizosphere after seed coating.

Perfluoropropionic Acid-Driven Nucleation of Atmospheric Molecules under Ambient Conditions.

A molecular-level understanding of the compositions and formation mechanism of secondary organic aerosols is important in the context of growing evidence regarding the adverse impacts of aerosols on the atmosphere and human health. The ever-growing emissions of pollutants and particulate matter in the atmosphere are a global concern. A particular class of pollutants, which are being important in this sense, are persistent organic pollutants (POPs) since they represent synthetic organic compounds with a long lifetime in the environment.

New opportunities in plant microbiome engineering for increasing agricultural sustainability under stressful conditions.

Plant microbiome (or phytomicrobiome) engineering (PME) is an anticipated untapped alternative strategy that could be exploited for plant growth, health and productivity under different environmental conditions. It has been proven that the phytomicrobiome has crucial contributions to plant health, pathogen control and tolerance under drastic environmental (a)biotic constraints. Consistent with plant health and safety, in this article we address the fundamental role of plant microbiome and its insights in plant health and productivity.

Harnessing microbial multitrophic interactions for rhizosphere microbiome engineering.

The rhizosphere is a narrow and dynamic region of plant root-soil interfaces, and it's considered one of the most intricate and functionally active ecosystems on the Earth, which boosts plant health and alleviates the impact of biotic and abiotic stresses. Improving the key functions of the microbiome via engineering the rhizosphere microbiome is an emerging tool for improving plant growth, resilience, and soil-borne diseases. Recently, the advent of omics tools, gene-editing techniques, and sequencing technology has allowed us to unravel the entangled webs of plant-microbes interactions, enhancing plant fitness and tolerance to biotic and abiotic challenges.

The combination of two Bacillus strains suppresses Meloidogyne incognita and fungal pathogens, but does not enhance plant growth.

Background: The combination of biocontrol agents is a desirable strategy to improve control efficacy against the root-knot nematode (RKN) Meloidogyne incognita under field conditions. However, strains compatibility is generally tested in vitro and incompatible combinations are normally not further examined in experiments in planta. Therefore, there is virtually no information on the performance of incompatible strains.

Endophytic Fungi Assures Tropical Forage Grass Growth by Water Stress Tolerances.

Forage plants is the base of beef and dairy cattle production. While water stress limits agricultural production worldwide, endophytic fungi can play a beneficial role for plants, such as tolerance to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of inoculation of the endophytic fungi Paraconiothyrium estuarinum (CML 3695, CML 3696, CML 3699) and Paraconiothyrium cyclothyrioides (CML 3697, CML 3698) on agronomic characteristics of two forage species, Brachiaria brizantha (A.

A Microbial Fermentation Product Induces Defense-Related Transcriptional Changes and the Accumulation of Phenolic Compounds in .

With the progressive loss of fungicide efficacy against , the causal agent of Asian soybean rust (ASR), alternative methods to protect soybean crops are needed. Resistance induction is a low impact alternative and/or supplement to fungicide applications that fortifies innate plant defenses against pathogens. Here, we show that a microbial fermentation product (MFP) induces plant defenses in soybean, and transcriptional induction is enhanced with the introduction of ASR.

Evaluating refactorings for disciplining #ifdef annotations: An eye tracking study with novices.

The C preprocessor is widely used in practice. Conditional compilation with #ifdef annotations allows developers to flexibly introduce variability in their programs. Developers can use disciplined annotations, entirely enclosing full statements with preprocessor directives, or undisciplined ones, enclosing only parts of the statements.

Optimizing mass production of Trichoderma asperelloides by submerged liquid fermentation and its antagonism against Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Commercial products based on Trichoderma are obtained mainly from solid-state fermentation. Submerged liquid fermentation is the most appropriate method compared to the solid medium for large-scale production of Trichoderma spp. The present study aimed to optimize the combination of key variables that influence the liquid fermentation process of Trichoderma asperelloides LQC-96 for conidial production coupled with its efficiency in the control of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum.

Bio-based products control black rot (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) and increase the nutraceutical and antioxidant components in kale.

Black rot of crucifers, (Xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris) is the principal yield-limiting and destructive pathogen of cruciferous crop worldwide. In order to validate a bio-based control alternative for this disease, whey, lime sulfur, biofertilizer, Bordeaux mixture or raw milk were applied to kale (Brassica oleracea var.

Impact of Seed Exudates on Growth and Biofilm Formation of ALB629 in Common Bean.

We aimed to unravel the events which favor the seed-rhizobacterium strain ALB629 (hereafter ALB629) interaction and which may interfere with the rhizobacterium colonization and growth on the spermosphere of common bean. Seed exudates from common bean were tested for ALB629 biofilm formation and bacterial growth. Furthermore, the performance of ALB629 on plant-related variables under drought stress was checked.

Strains of the Group I Lineage of Acidovorax citrulli, the Causal Agent of Bacterial Fruit Blotch of Cucurbitaceous Crops, are Predominant in Brazil.

Bacterial fruit blotch (BFB), caused by the seedborne bacterium Acidovorax citrulli, is an economically important threat to cucurbitaceous crops worldwide. Since the first report of BFB in Brazil in 1990, outbreaks have occurred sporadically on watermelon and, more frequently, on melon, resulting in significant yield losses. At present, the genetic diversity and the population structure of A.

Augmenting iron accumulation in cassava by the beneficial soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis (GBO3).

Cassava (Manihot esculenta), a major staple food in the developing world, provides a basic carbohydrate diet for over half a billion people living in the tropics. Despite the iron abundance in most soils, cassava provides insufficient iron for humans as the edible roots contain 3-12 times less iron than other traditional food crops such as wheat, maize, and rice. With the recent identification that the beneficial soil bacterium Bacillus subtilis (strain GB03) activates iron acquisition machinery to increase metal ion assimilation in Arabidopsis, the question arises as to whether this plant-growth promoting rhizobacterium also augments iron assimilation to increase endogenous iron levels in cassava.