The effects of different doses of single- and dual-wavelength whole-body photobiomodulation on metabolic parameters in obese mice.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) shows beneficial effects on obesity-related alterations. It is not known if dual- is more beneficial than single-wavelength, nor the dose-response effect of such treatments. The effects of different doses of single- and dual-wavelength whole-body PBM on metabolic parameters in obese mice were evaluated.

Photobiomodulation Enhances the Effect of Strength Training on Insulin Resistance Regardless of Exercise Volume in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet.

The aim was to investigate the effects of different volumes of strength training (ST) in association with photobiomodulation (PBMt) in mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD) on insulin resistance (IR). Male Swiss albino mice were fed HFD and performed high- or low-volume (one-third) ST (3 days/week), associated with PBMt (660 nm + 850 nm; ~42 J delivered) or not (lights off). ST improved IR, lowered visceral adiposity and circulating cytokines, and increased skeletal muscle hypertrophy and mitochondrial activity.

The dose-effect response of combined red and infrared photobiomodulation on insulin resistance in skeletal muscle cells.

Obesity is a major public health problem and is a major contributor to the development of insulin resistance. In previous studies we observed that single-wavelength red or infrared photobiomodulation (PBM) improved insulin signaling in adipocytes and skeletal muscle of mice fed a high-fat diet, but information about the combination of different wavelengths, as well as the effect of different light doses (J/cm) is lacking. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the effects of different doses of dual-wavelength PBM on insulin signaling in muscle cell, and explore potential mechanisms involved.

The ASSIST trial: Acute effects of manipulating strength exercise volume on insulin sensitivity in obese adults: A protocol for a randomized controlled, crossover, clinical trial.

Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a disease in which insulin action is impaired, and an acute bout of strength exercise can improve insulin sensitivity. Current guidelines for strength exercise prescription suggest that 8 to 30 sets could be performed, although it is not known how variations in exercise volume impact insulin sensitivity. Additionally, this means an almost 4-fold difference in time commitment, which might directly impact an individual's motivation and perceived capacity to exercise.

Randomized Controlled Trial to Study the Acute Effects of Strength Exercise on Insulin Sensitivity in Obese Adults.

An acute session of strength exercise (SE) ameliorates insulin sensitivity (IS) for several hours; however, the effects of SE volume (i.e., number of sets) have not been studied thoroughly.

A MUFA/carotenoid-rich oil ameliorated insulin resistance by improving inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats.

Obesity is associated with low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress, leading to insulin resistance and type II diabetes. Caryocar brasiliense pulp oil (pequi oil - PO) is rich in oleic acid and carotenoids and positively implicated in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress. This study investigated PO's antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects in a diet-induced obesity model.

Intense Caloric Restriction from Birth Prevents Cardiovascular Aging in Rats.

We previously demonstrated that a 50% caloric restriction (CR) from birth improves several cardiometabolic risk factors in young rats. In this study, we investigated in middle-aged rats the consequences of a 50% CR from birth on cardiometabolic risk factors, heart function/morphology, ventricular arrhythmia, and fibrillation incidence, and cardiac intracellular proteins involved with redox status and cell survival. From birth to the age of 18 months, rats were divided into an (AL18) group, which had free access to food, and a CR18 group, which had food limited to 50% of that consumed by the AL18.

Dose and time-response effect of photobiomodulation therapy on glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients combined or not with hypoglycemic medicine: A randomized, crossover, double-blind, sham-controlled trial.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) combined or not with oral hypoglycemic medication has not been investigated in type 2 diabetes (T2DM) patients. All 10 T2DM patients were assessed randomly at 6 different occasions (3 with and 3 without regular oral hypoglycemic medication). Capillary glycemia was assessed after overnight fast (pre-prandial), 1 h postprandially (standardized meal, 338 kcal), and 30 min, 3 h, 6 h, 12 h post-PBMt (830 nm; 25 arrays of LEDs, 80 mW/array).

Corrigendum: Modulation of leukocyte subsets mobilization in response to exercise by water immersion recovery.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.

Effects of the association of different volumes of strength training with photobiomodulation therapy on insulin resistance: A protocol for a randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Insulin resistance (IR) is the main risk factor for developing type 2 diabetes. Both strength training (ST) and photobiomodulation therapy (PBMt) reduce IR, but the effect of combining different volumes of ST with PBMt is unknown.

Methods: Overweight/obese individuals will be assigned to 4 groups (n = 12/group): ST with volume following international guidelines (3 sets per exercise - high volume) or one-third of this volume (1 set per exercise - low volume), combined with PBMt or placebo.

Modulation of Leukocyte Subsets Mobilization in Response to Exercise by Water Immersion Recovery.

To investigate the effect of different water immersion temperatures on the kinetics of blood markers of skeletal muscle damage and the main leukocyte subpopulations. Eleven recreationally trained young men participated in four experimental sessions consisting of unilateral eccentric knee flexion and 90 min of treadmill running at 70% of peak oxygen uptake, followed by 15 min of water immersion recovery at 15, 28 or 38°C. In the control condition participants remained seated at room temperature.

Photobiomodulation Therapy on the Treatment of Insulin Resistance: A Narrative Review.

Insulin resistance (IR) is the main risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). Noninvasive and nonpharmacological therapies, such as exercise and diet are effective in treating IR and DM2; however, adherence to them generally is low and diminishes positive effects in the long term. Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) is another noninvasive and nonpharmacological therapy, which produces positive effects on mitochondrial metabolism, oxidative stress, and inflammation generally linked to IR and DM2 and may improve or attenuate the severity of these diseases.

The effect of repetition tempo on cardiovascular and metabolic stress when time under tension is matched during lower body exercise.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of repetition tempo on cardiovascular and metabolic stress when time under tension (TUT) and effort are matched during sessions of lower body resistance training (RT).

Methods: In a repeated-measures, cross-over design, 11 recreationally trained females (n = 5) and males (n = 6) performed 5 sets of belt squats under the following conditions: slow-repetition tempo (SLOW; 10 reps with 4-s eccentric and 2-s concentric) and traditional-repetition tempo (TRAD; 20 reps with 2-s eccentric and 1-s concentric). TUT (60 s) was matched between conditions and external load was adjusted so that lifters were close to concentric muscular failure at the end of each set.

The Acute Physiological and Perceptual Responses Between Bodyweight and Treadmill Running High-Intensity Interval Exercises.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the acute physiological, perceptual, and enjoyment responses between bodyweight high-intensity interval exercise (BW-HIIE) and treadmill running high-intensity interval exercise HIIE (RUN-HIIE).

Methods: Twelve adults [age: 29.5 ± 5.

A Real-World High-Intensity Interval Training Protocol for Cardiorespiratory Fitness Improvement.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) has emerged as an interesting time-efficient approach to increase exercise adherence and improve health. However, few studies have tested the efficiency of HIIT protocols in a "real world" setting, e.g.

The combined effects of exercise-induced muscle damage and heat stress on acute kidney stress and heat strain during subsequent endurance exercise.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to investigate the combined effect of downhill running and heat stress on muscle damage, as well as on heat strain and kidney stress during subsequent running in the heat.

Methods: In a randomized cross-over study, ten non-heat-acclimated, physically active males completed downhill running in temperate (EIMD in Temp) and hot (EIMD in Hot) conditions followed by an exercise-heat stress (HS) test after 3-h seated rest. Blood and urine samples were collected immediately pre- and post-EIMD and HS, and 24 h post-EIMD (post-24 h).

Repeated sprint exercise in hypoxia stimulates HIF-1-dependent gene expression in skeletal muscle.

Purpose: Our aim was to determine the effect of repeated sprint exercise in hypoxia on HIF-1 and HIF-1-regulated genes involved in glycolysis, mitochondrial turnover and oxygen transport. We also determined whether genes upregulated by exercise in hypoxia were dependent on the activation of HIF-1 in an in vitro model of exercise in hypoxia.

Methods: Eight endurance athletes performed bouts of repeated sprint exercise in control and hypoxic conditions.

Accumulated High-intensity Interval Training Protocol: A New Approach to Study Health Markers in Wistar Rats.

High-Intensity Interval Training (HIIT) and accumulated exercises are two time-efficient programs to improve health in humans and animal models. However, to date, there are no studies on whether HIIT performed in an accumulated fashion is as effective as a traditional HIIT performed with single daily sessions in improving health markers. This paper presents the effects of a new HIIT protocol, called accumulated HIIT, on body weight gain, maximal oxygen consumption (VO2max), and cardiac hypertrophy in young Wistar rats.

Aerobic Adaptations to Resistance Training: The Role of Time under Tension.

Generally, skeletal muscle adaptations to exercise are perceived through a dichotomous lens where the metabolic stress imposed by aerobic training leads to increased mitochondrial adaptations while the mechanical tension from resistance training leads to myofibrillar adaptations. However, there is emerging evidence for cross over between modalities where aerobic training stimulates traditional adaptations to resistance training (e.g.

High-volume endurance exercise training stimulates hematopoiesis by increasing ACE NH2-terminal activity.

One of the health benefits of endurance exercise training (ET) is the stimulation of hematopoiesis. However, the mechanisms underlying ET-induced hematopoietic adaptations are understudied. N-Acetyl-Seryl-Aspartyl-Lysyl-Proline (Ac-SDKP) inhibits proliferation of early hematopoietic progenitor cells.

Strength training improves insulin resistance and differently affects mitochondria in skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue in high-fat fed mice.

Aims: Strength training (ST) improves insulin resistance and glucose tolerance by yet unknown mechanisms. The aims of this study were to investigate the effects of ST on mitochondrial adaptation in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, on heat shock protein 72 (Hsp72) in skeletal muscle, and on visceral adipocyte size in mice with high-fat diet (HFD)-induced insulin resistance.

Materials And Methods: Male Balb/c mice were divided into sedentary control-chow (C-chow), strength trained-chow (ST-chow), sedentary control-HFD (C-HFD) and strength trained-HFD (ST-HFD).

The Potential Role of Exercise-Induced Muscle Damage in Exertional Heat Stroke.

Exertional heat stroke (EHS) is a life-threatening condition that affects mainly athletes, military personnel, firefighters, and occupational workers. EHS is frequently observed in non-compensable conditions (where the body is unable to maintain a steady thermal balance) as a result of heavy heat stress and muscle contraction associated with prolonged and strenuous physical and occupational activities, resulting in central nervous system dysfunction followed by multi-organ damage and failure. Since the pathophysiology of EHS is complex and involves multiple organs and systems, any condition that changes the interrelated systems may increase the risk for EHS.

HIIT is superior than MICT on cardiometabolic health during training and detraining.

Purpose: This study investigated the cardiometabolic health of overweight/obese untrained individuals in response to 8 weeks of HIIT and MICT using a field approach, and to 4 weeks of training cessation (TC).

Methods: Twenty-two subjects performed 8 weeks of moderate intensity continuous training (MICT-n = 11) or high-intensity interval training (HIIT-n = 11) (outdoor running), followed by 4 weeks of TC. Cardiorespiratory fitness, body composition, arterial blood pressure, glucose metabolism and blood lipids were measured pre-training (PRE), post-training (POST) and TC.

Insulin resistance is improved in high-fat fed mice by photobiomodulation therapy at 630 nm.

Photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT) in the infrared spectrum exerts positive effects on glucose metabolism, but the use of PBMT at the red spectrum has not been assessed. Male Swiss albino mice were divided into low-fat control and high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks and were treated with red (630 nm) PBMT or no treatment (Sham) during weeks 9 to 12. PBMT was delivered at 31.