Beneficial effects of fish oil and cranberry juice on disease activity and inflammatory biomarkers in people with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objectives: We sought to determine whether cranberry juice consumption would ameliorate laboratory and clinical measurements of disease activity in people with rheumatoid arthritis receiving fish oil supplementation.

Methods: A prospective study was performed with 62 people with rheumatoid arthritis. We analyzed C-reactive protein modification of the Disease Activity Score-28 (DAS28-CRP) and inflammatory markers.

Combining Machine Learning and Metabolomics to Identify Weight Gain Biomarkers.

Weight gain is a metabolic disorder that often culminates in the development of obesity and other comorbidities such as diabetes. Obesity is characterized by the development of a chronic, subclinical systemic inflammation, and is regarded as a remarkably important factor that contributes to the development of such comorbidities. Therefore, laboratory methods that allow the identification of subjects at higher risk for severe weight-associated morbidity are of utter importance, considering the health, and safety of populations.

Effects of a Combined Exercise Training Program on Health Indicators and Quality of Life of People Living with HIV: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of 16 weeks of combined exercise training (CET) on muscle strength, body composition, depression, anxiety and quality of life of people living with HIV (PLHIV). Twenty-three participants completed the study, 14 in trained group (TG) and 9 in control group (CG). TG consisted of resistance and aerobic training three times a week, while the CG was exposed to recreational activities twice a week.

Antioxidant vitamin supplementation prevents oxidative stress but does not enhance performance in young football athletes.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to verify the effects of supplementation with antioxidants (vitamins C and E) on oxidative stress, delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS), and performance in football players during a recovery period after an exercise-induced oxidative stress protocol.

Methods: Twenty-one football athletes were randomly assigned to two groups: placebo and antioxidant-supplemented. Supplementation was performed in a double-blind, controlled manner using vitamin C (500 mg/d) and E (400 UI/d) for 15 d.

Homocysteine-lowering exercise effect is greater in hyperhomocysteinemic people living with HIV: a randomized clinical trial.

Elevated concentration of homocysteine has been identified as an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and is frequently associated with oxidative stress. Moreover, studies have shown that people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) present elevated concentration of homocysteine and oxidative stress compared with people without HIV. Our purpose was to describe blood homocysteine and oxidative stress markers in PLHIV and those without HIV infection, and to examine the effects of a 16-week combined training exercise program (CTE) on oxidative stress and homocysteine concentrations of PLHIV.

Adipokines in rheumatoid arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis affects millions of people worldwide and is considered a chronic multisystem disease whose causes are unknown. In general, the main objective of rheumatoid arthritis treatment is to improve the quality of life of patients by relieving pain, maintaining or improving functional capacity, preventing thus, disability. In recent years the role of adipokines in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis has been discussed but results are still conflicting.

Effect of combined training on body composition and metabolic variables in people living with HIV: A randomized clinical trial.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to conduct a randomized clinical trial to assess the effects of 16 weeks of combined training on body composition, lipid profile, adiponectin, C-reactive protein (CRP), and leptin levels in people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA).

Methods: Fifty-eight HIV-infected individuals were randomized into a training group (T) or a control group (C). Combined training consisted of aerobic and resistance exercises performed at the same training session, applied at a frequency of three times a week for a total of 16 weeks.

Resistance exercise prevents impaired homocysteine metabolism and hepatic redox capacity in Walker-256 tumor-bearing male Wistar rats.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes in homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and redox balance in response to exercise treatment in a tumor-bearing rat model.

Methods: Male Wistar rats were exposed, or not, to a resistance exercise program 6 wk before inoculation with Walker-256 tumor cells or vehicle. After application, rats maintained their routine for 12 d and were then sacrificed for plasma and liver analyses.

Taurine supplementation does not decrease homocysteine levels and liver injury induced by a choline-deficient diet.

Aims: The aim of this study is to examine the effects of taurine supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) metabolism and liver injury in rats fed a choline-deficient diet.

Main Methods: Thirty rats were divided into three groups (n=10), to receive one of the following diets for 4 weeks: control diet (C), choline-deficient diet (CDD), or choline-deficient diet supplemented with taurine (CDDT). The CDD and the CDDT consisted of AIN-93 without the recommended choline content of 2.

Short-term creatine supplementation does not reduce increased homocysteine concentration induced by acute exercise in humans.

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to evaluate the effects of creatine supplementation on homocysteine (Hcy) plasma levels after acute exercise in humans.

Methods: Twenty-three young (under-20) soccer players were divided into 2 groups: creatine (Cr)- and placebo (Pla)-supplemented groups. The supplementation was performed in double-blind controlled manner using creatine or placebo tablets with 0.

Oxidative stress and inflammation in obesity after taurine supplementation: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

Purpose: Some researchers found decreased levels of plasma taurine in obese subjects and animals, and reduced expression of an important enzyme of taurine synthesis. These evidences, coupled with the metabolic imbalance of obesity and the possible anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects of taurine, highlighted the use of taurine as a supplement in obesity treatment. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether taurine supplementation, associated with nutritional counseling, modulates oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and glucose homeostasis in obese women.

Effects of creatine supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammatory markers after repeated-sprint exercise in humans.

Objective: The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of creatine (Cr) supplementation on oxidative stress and inflammation markers after acute repeated-sprint exercise in humans.

Methods: Twenty-five players under age 20 y were randomly assigned to two groups: Cr supplemented and placebo. Double-blind controlled supplementation was performed using Cr (0.

Calibration of the food list and portion sizes of a food frequency questionnaire applied to free-living elderly people.

Objective: To calibrate the food list and relative portion sizes of a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) for application to a free-living, healthy, elderly population.

Methods: Cross-sectional study. One hundred free-living, healthy participants, aged from 60 to 75 y, randomly selected from among individuals in the area served by the Family Health Program, School of Medicine of Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo.

Evidence of zinc deficiency in competitive swimmers.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess the nutritional zinc (Zn) status of elite swimmers during different training periods.

Methods: A longitudinal paired study was performed at the University of Sao Paulo in eight male swimmers 18 to 25 y old who had been swimming competitively at the state and national levels for at least 5 y. The swimmers were evaluated over a total period of 14 wk: before the basic and specific preparatory period (BSPP-baseline), at the end of the basic and specific preparatory period (post-BSPP), and at the end of the polishing period (PP).

Bioactive compounds with effects on inflammation markers in humans.

Obesity and other chronic diseases are accompanied by adipose tissue, liver, pancreas, muscle and brain low-grade chronic inflammation. Indeed, the obese condition and metabolic syndrome are characterized by an increased expression of inflammatory cytokines and infiltration of immune cells in adipocytes. The inflammatory response promotes the activation of transcriptional factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines, which can lead to an unresolved inflammatory response associated with an inhibition of insulin signalling and high risk for cardiovascular events.

Altered plasma response to zinc and iron tolerance test after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass.

Background: The duodenum and proximal jejunum are excluded after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass but these intestinal sites are where iron and zinc are most absorbed. Therefore, they are among the nutrients whose digestive and absorptive process can be impaired after surgery. The aim of the present study was to investigate the iron and zinc plasma response to a tolerance test before and after bariatric surgery.