Zika virus as a new pathogenic agent within the Toxoplasma gondii, Rubella virus, Cytomegalovirus, and Herpes simplex (TORCH) virus family: where do we stand?

Viral infections in low-income countries such as Brazil pose a significant challenge for medical authorities, with epidemics such as Zika virus infection having lasting effects. The increase in microcephaly among newborns has prompted investigations into the association between Zika virus and this congenital syndrome. The severity and prevalence of microcephaly led to the declaration of national and international emergencies.

Behavior of total alkaline phosphatase after radium-233 therapy in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer: a single-center, real-world retrospective study.

Objective: To describe the behavior of total alkaline phosphatase (tALP) in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer receiving radium-223 therapy, in a real-world scenario, and to describe overall survival (OS) among such patients.

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study involving 97 patients treated between February 2017 and September 2020. Patients were stratified by the baseline tALP (normal/elevated).

Deep infiltrating endometriosis: cine magnetic resonance imaging in the evaluation of uterine contractility.

Objective: To evaluate uterine function by using cine magnetic resonance imaging to visualize the contractile movements of the uterus in patients with and without deep infiltrating endometriosis (with or without associated adenomyosis).

Materials And Methods: This was a prospective case-control study. The study sample comprised 43 women: 18 in the case group and 25 in the control group.

Does a three-degree hypoechogenicity grading improve ultrasound thyroid nodule risk stratification and affect the TI-RADS 4 category? A retrospective observational study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine whether classifying hypoechogenicity in three degrees (mild, moderate, and marked) could improve the distinction between benign and malignant nodules and whether such an approach could influence Category 4 of the Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS).

Materials And Methods: In total, 2,574 nodules submitted to fine needle aspiration, classified by the Bethesda System, were retrospectively assessed. Further, a subanalysis considering solid nodules without any additional suspicious findings (n = 565) was performed with the purpose of evaluating mainly TI-RADS 4 nodules.

Three-dimensional printing models increase inter-rater agreement for classification and treatment of proximal humerus fractures.

Background: Proximal humerus fractures (PHF) are frequent, however, several studies show low inter-rater agreement in the diagnosis and treatment of these injuries. Differences are usually related to the experience of the evaluators and/or the diagnostic methods used. This study was designed to investigate the hypothesis that shoulder surgeons and diagnostic imaging specialists using 3D printing models and shoulder CT scans in assessing proximal humerus fractures.

Comparison of Automated Breast Ultrasound and Hand-Held Breast Ultrasound in the Screening of Dense Breasts.

Objective:  To compare hand-held breast ultrasound (HHBUS) and automated breast ultrasound (ABUS) as screening tool for cancer.

Methods:  A cross-sectional study in patients with mammographically dense breasts was conducted, and both HHBUS and ABUS were performed. Hand-held breast ultrasound was acquired by radiologists and ABUS by mammography technicians and analyzed by breast radiologists.

Preliminary study of the technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound: from procedure to diagnosis.

Objective: To evaluate the main technical limitations of automated breast ultrasound and to determine the proportion of examinations excluded.

Materials And Methods: We evaluated 440 automated breast ultrasound examinations performed, over a 12-month period, by technicians using an established protocol.

Results: In five cases (1.

The role of cine MR imaging in the assessment of uterine function.

Purpose: To review the literature on uterine contraction and to highlight magnetic resonance imaging using the cine technique as a useful method to evaluate these movements.

Methods: The literature research on PubMed database was done up to February 2019 with restriction to English language about articles regarding uterine peristalsis and cine MR.

Results: Infertility is a common clinical problem and a source of frustration for those who want to have children.

Whole-body magnetic resonance imaging for the assessment of metastatic breast cancer.

Breast cancer is the most common type of tumor in women and an important cause of mortality in the female population. The early and precise diagnosis, staging, and treatment of this neoplasia are essential for public health purposes. Technological development, for example, of whole-body magnetic resonance imaging, made possible the adoption of new imaging modalities for a better approach for these patients.

Magnetic resonance imaging-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsy: experience and preliminary results of 205 procedures.

Objective: To demonstrate the frequency of malignancy and histological characteristics of lesions in patients submitted to vacuum-assisted breast biopsy guided by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).

Materials And Methods: This was a retrospective study of MRI-guided vacuum-assisted breast biopsies performed between April 2008 and December 2016, in which we analyzed clinical and epidemiological data, as well as the BI-RADS classification and histopathological results. We compared nodules and non-nodular enhancements, in terms of their correlation with malignancy, using chi-square test.

MR Imaging at Rio 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games: Report of Experience Using State-of-the-Art 3.0-T and 1.5-T Wide-Bore MR Imaging Scanners in High-Performance Athletes.

A facility with ultimate imaging technology was established to provide diagnostic care for the athletes during the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games, two of the world's most prestigious sports events. The Imaging Center featured 3.0-T and 1.

Advanced MR Imaging and Ultrasound Fusion in Musculoskeletal Procedures.

Neoplastic musculoskeletal lesions are heterogeneous tumors with variable outcomes that require a precise diagnosis and delivery of optimal, specific treatment. Advanced MR imaging techniques can help differentiate and characterize musculoskeletal soft tissue tumors and are the method of choice for detection, evaluation, local staging, and surgical planning. MR imaging-ultrasound fusion is the process of combining relevant information from 2 methods into a single image that is more informative than the images obtained separately.

Multiparametric MR Imaging of Soft Tissue Tumors and Pseudotumors.

This article discusses the features of multiparametric MR imaging as an accurate method to evaluate soft tissue tumors and pseudotumors. The discussion also considers conventional and advanced sequences providing both functional tissue and anatomic information to improve the diagnostic accuracy of this method and assess pretreatment staging, treatment response focused on the extent of necrosis, and recurrence.

Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose PET/CT in hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients with fusariosis: initial findings of a case series review.

Background: Fusariosis is an opportunistic fungal infection that affects mostly leukemic and hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients. Locally invasive and disseminated infection may occur. Treatment is challenging, and besides evaluation of immune status, one also needs to take into account organ involvement to predict the duration and prognosis.

Central Nervous System Effects of Intrauterine Zika Virus Infection: A Pictorial Review.

Relatively few agents have been associated with congenital infections involving the brain. One such agent is the Zika virus, which has caused several outbreaks worldwide and has spread in the Americas since 2015. The Zika virus is an arbovirus transmitted by infected female mosquito vectors, such as the Aedes aegypti mosquito.

Likelihood of malignancy in thyroid nodules according to a proposed Thyroid Imaging Reporting and Data System (TI-RADS) classification merging suspicious and benign ultrasound features.

Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the ultrasound features of benign and malignant thyroid nodules and evaluate the likelihood of malignancy associated with each feature according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and histopathology. With this analysis, we propose a new TI-RADS classification system.

Materials And Methods: The likelihood of malignancy from ultrasound features were assessed in 1413 thyroid nodules according to the Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Cytopathology and histopathological findings.

Prognostic Factors for Early and Long-Term Remission in Pediatric Differentiated Thyroid Carcinoma: The Role of Sex, Age, Clinical Presentation, and the Newly Proposed American Thyroid Association Risk Stratification System.

Background: The incidence of pediatric differentiated thyroid carcinoma (DTC) has been rising in recent years, and the main risk factors for recurrence are lymph node and distant metastasis at diagnosis. Other clinical features remain unclear, such as the impact of age, sex, and puberty. Furthermore, until now, this population has been treated using the same strategies used to treat adults.

High frequency ultrasound with color Doppler in dermatology.

Ultrasonography is a method of imaging that classically is used in dermatology to study changes in the hypoderma, as nodules and infectious and inflammatory processes. The introduction of high frequency and resolution equipments enabled the observation of superficial structures, allowing differentiation between skin layers and providing details for the analysis of the skin and its appendages. This paper aims to review the basic principles of high frequency ultrasound and its applications in different areas of dermatology.

Is there a role for peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in medullary thyroid cancer?

Background: Medullary thyroid cancer (MTC) is a rare but potentially life-threatening disease with limited therapeutic options. As a neuroendocrine tumor, MTC expresses somatostatin receptors, and therefore, somatostatin-labeled radiopharmaceuticals could be used to treat patients with MTC.

Objective: The aims of this study were to evaluate tumor shrinkage after Lu-DOTATATE treatment, to analyze the impact on quality of life as accessed by the SF-36 questionnaire, and to demonstrate a possible prognostic role for In-DTPA-octreotide uptake in patients with MTC.

99mTc-thymine scintigraphy may be a promising method in the diagnosis of breast cancer.

Objective: Mammography has been established as the gold standard for the detection of breast cancer, and imaging techniques such as ultrasonography, magnetic resonance imaging, scintigraphy and positron emission tomography may be useful to improve its sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this study with breast scintigraphy was to evaluate the uptake of 99mTc-thymine in mammary lesions.

Methods: A total of 45 patients were included in this study.

99mTc-Anti-TNF-α scintigraphy: a new perspective within different methods in the diagnostic approach of active Graves ophthalmopathy.

Different imaging methods applied in the evaluation of a patient with unilateral active Graves ophthalmopathy (GO) are shown in the present paper. 99mTc-Anti-TNF-α scintigraphy is proposed as a promising method, not yet described, for the diagnosis of active ocular disease. It consists of labeling a human monoclonal antibody directed against TNF-α molecule (adalimumab) with technetium (99mTc).