Oxidation of whey protein isolate after thermal convection and microwave heating and freeze-drying: Correlation among physicochemical and NIR spectroscopy analyses.

This study investigated the oxidative susceptibility of whey protein isolate (WPI) dispersions treated by microwave or thermal convection before freeze-drying. WPI (20 mg protein/mL) in distilled water (DW) was heated at 63 ± 2 °C for 30 min by microwave (WPI-MW) or convection heating (WPI-CH) and freeze-dried. Untreated WPI (WPI-C), WPI solubilized in DW and freeze-dried (WPI-FD), and WPI solubilized in DW, heated at 98 ± 2 °C for 2 min and freeze-dried (WPI-B) were also evaluated.

Whey protein and phenolic compound complexation: Effects on antioxidant capacity before and after in vitro digestion.

Whey protein isolate (WPI) interactions with (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) and caffeic acid (CA) at pH 3.5 and 7.0 were investigated concerning complex formation and antioxidant capacity, before and after simulated digestion.

Peptide-metal complexes: obtention and role in increasing bioavailability and decreasing the pro-oxidant effect of minerals.

Bioactive peptides derived from food protein sources have been widely studied in the last years, and scientific researchers have been proving their role in human health, beyond their nutritional value. Several bioactivities have been attributed to these peptides, such as immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antihypertensive, and opioid. Among them, metal-binding capacity has gained prominence.

Complexation of whey protein with caffeic acid or (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate as a strategy to induce oral tolerance to whey allergenic proteins.

Proteins and phenolic compounds can interact and form soluble and insoluble complexes. In this study, the complexation of whey protein isolate (WPI) with caffeic acid (CA) or (-)‑epigallocatechin‑3‑gallate (EGCG) is investigated as a strategy to attenuate oral sensitization in C3H/HeJ mice against WPI. Treatment with WPI-CA reduced the levels of IgE, IgG1, IgG2a and mMCP-1 in serum of mice measured by ELISA.

Intake of Protein Hydrolysates and Phenolic Fractions Isolated from Flaxseed Ameliorates TNBS-Induced Colitis.

Scope: In the attempt to develop new therapeutic treatments for colitis, fractions containing phenolic compound isolate (Phi) and phenolic reduced-flaxseed protein hydrolysate (phr-FPH) from flaxseed are evaluated for their effects on the in vitro production of pro-inflammatory mediators and on the course of experimental colitis.

Methods And Results: The anti-inflammatory effects of Phi and phr-FPH from flaxseeds are studied in RAW264.7 cells and in trinitrobenzene sulphonic acid (TNBS) colitis model.

What happened in the South American Gran Chaco? Diversification of the endemic frog genus Lepidobatrachus Budgett, 1899 (Anura: Ceratophryidae).

The Chaco is one the most neglected and least studied regions of the world. This highly-seasonal semiarid biome is an extensive continuous plain without any geographic barrier, and in spite of its high species diversity, the events and processes responsible have never been assessed. Miocene marine introgressions and Pleistocene glaciations have been mentioned as putative drivers of diversification for some groups of vertebrates in adjacent biomes of southern South America.

Whey Peptide-Iron Complexes Increase the Oxidative Stability of Oil-in-Water Emulsions in Comparison to Iron Salts.

Food fortification with iron may favor lipid oxidation in both food matrices and the human body. This study aimed at evaluating the effect of peptide-iron complexation on lipid oxidation catalyzed by iron, using oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions as a model system. The extent of lipid oxidation of emulsions containing iron salts (FeSO or FeCl) or iron complexes (peptide-iron complexes or ferrous bisglycinate) was evaluated during 7 days, measured as primary (peroxide value) and secondary products (TBARS and volatile compounds).

Synthesis of whey peptide-iron complexes: Influence of using different iron precursor compounds.

Iron-binding peptides are an alternative for increasing the bioavailability of iron and to decreasing its pro-oxidant effect. This study aimed to synthesize and characterize peptide-iron complexes using FeCl or FeSO as the iron precursor compounds. Whey protein isolate (WPI), WPI hydrolyzed with pancreatin, and its fractions obtained via ultrafiltration (cut-off 5kDa) were used as ligands.

Encapsulation of Beta-carotene in Lipid Microparticles Stabilized with Hydrolyzed Soy Protein Isolate: Production Parameters, Alpha-tocopherol Coencapsulation and Stability Under Stress Conditions.

The objectives of this research were to study the encapsulation of beta-carotene (BC) in solid lipid microparticles (SLM) of palm stearin (PS) and stabilized with hydrolyzed soy protein isolate (HSPI), and also to investigate the effect of alpha-tocopherol (TOC) addition to the systems. Through the characterizations of SLM produced with different formulations, it was verified that systems with 5% (w/v) PS, 1.0% (w/v) HSPI, and 0.

The Paraguayan Rhinella toad venom: Implications in the traditional medicine and proliferation of breast cancer cells.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Toads belonging to genus Rhinella are used in Paraguayan traditional medicine to treat cancer and skin infections.

Aim Of The Study: The objective of the study was to determine the composition of venoms obtained from three different Paraguayan Rhinella species, to establish the constituents of a preparation sold in the capital city of Paraguay to treat cancer as containing the toad as ingredient, to establish the effect of the most active Rhinella schneideri venom on the cell cycle using human breast cancer cells and to assess the antiprotozoal activity of the venoms.

Methods: The venom obtained from the toads parotid glands was analyzed by HPLC-MS-MS.

Influence of Protein-Phenolic Complex on the Antioxidant Capacity of Flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum L.) Products.

The impact of the naturally present phenolic compounds and/or proteins on the antioxidant capacity of flaxseed products (phenolic fraction, protein concentrates, and hydrolysates) before and after simulated gastrointestinal digestion was studied. For that, whole and phenolic reduced products were assessed. Four glycosylated phenolic compounds (secoisolariciresinol and ferulic, p-coumaric, and caffeic acids) were identified in flaxseed products.

Effect of pH and interaction between egg white protein and hydroxypropymethylcellulose in bulk aqueous medium on foaming properties.

Egg white protein (EW) is used as surface-active ingredient in aerated food and hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (HPMC) is a polysaccharide that behaves as a surfactant. This study aimed at investigating the effects of process parameters biopolymer concentration (2.0-5.

Influence of protein-pectin electrostatic interaction on the foam stability mechanism.

This study aimed at evaluating the effect of three independent variables: biopolymer concentration (egg white proteins and pectin) (2.0-4.0%, w/w); protein:pectin ratio (15:1-55:1); and temperature (70-80 °C), at pH 3.

Stability and in vitro digestibility of emulsions containing lecithin and whey proteins.

The effect of pH and high-pressure homogenization on the properties of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions stabilized by lecithin and/or whey proteins (WPI) was evaluated. For this purpose, emulsions were characterized by visual analysis, droplet size distribution, zeta potential, electrophoresis, rheological measurements and their response to in vitro digestion. Lecithin emulsions were stable even after 7 days of storage and WPI emulsions were unstable only at pH values close to the isoelectric point (pI) of proteins.

In search of a tolerance-induction strategy for cow's milk allergies: significant reduction of beta-lactoglobulin allergenicity via transglutaminase/cysteine polymerization.

Objective: To explore the use of β-lactoglobulin polymerized using microbial transglutaminase and heating to identify whether protein polymerization could reduce in vivo allergenicity and maintain in vitro and ex vivo immunoreactivity for use in tolerance-induction protocols.

Methods: Based on previous protocols applied in mice and children, we performed in vivo challenges (using a skin prick test) with native and polymerized β-lactoglobulin in adult patients with an IgE-mediated allergy to plactoglobulin. In vitro humoral immunoreactivity was analyzed using immunoblotting.

Optimization of the enzymatic hydrolysis of Blue shark skin.

Enzymatic hydrolysis of Blue shark skin using Protamex™ was evaluated seeking optimal process conditions. The influence of temperature (45 to 65 °C), pH (6.8 to 8), and enzyme/substrate ratio (E/S; 1% to 5%) on the responses of degree of hydrolysis and protein recovery were determined and process optimization was performed looking for maximum value of the responses.

Allergenicity of Bos d 5 in Children with Cow's Milk Allergy is Reduced by Transglutaminase Polymerization.

Cow's milk allergy in pediatric patients is an unresolved issue. Among the proteins in milk, bovine whey beta-lactoglobulin (Bos d 5) is the most commonly allergenic. Allergenicity to native cow's milk proteins in humans is a well-studied issue, but very little is known about the allergenicity of cross-linked proteins found in bioprocessed dairy products.

Chemical composition and bile acid binding activity of products obtained from amaranth (Amaranthus cruentus) seeds.

Cardiovascular diseases are currently the greatest cause of mortality in the world, and dislipidemia is appearing as one of the most important risk factors. The binding of bile acids (BAs) has been hypothesized as a possible mechanism by which dietary fibers lower blood cholesterol levels. Besides the fibers, other components in the amaranth seeds may be related to this hypocholesterolemic effect.

Surfactant systems for nasal zidovudine delivery: structural, rheological and mucoadhesive properties.

Objectives: Zidovudine is the antiretroviral drug most frequently used for the treatment of AIDS. Although its effectiveness is recognized, it undergoes extensive first-pass metabolism and exhibits poor oral bioavailability. The nasal route is an option for enhanced therapeutic efficacy and to reduce the extent of the first-pass effect.

Evaluation of the hypotensive potential of bovine and porcine collagen hydrolysates.

Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory activity and antihypertensive activity of bovine and porcine collagen hydrolysates in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) were investigated. The hydrolyzed collagens were subjected to ultrafiltration using membranes with cutoffs of 30-50 kDa (permeate P1), 5-8 kDa (permeate P2), or 1-2 kDa (permeate P3) in order to obtain products with a narrower range of molecular size. The hydrolyzed bovine and porcine collagens and their permeates showed low ACE inhibitory activity (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] = 5.

Effects of gamma radiation on beta-lactoglobulin: oligomerization and aggregation.

The conformational changes and aggregation process of beta-lactoglobulin (beta-LG) subjected to gamma irradiation are presented. Beta-LG in solutions of different protein concentrations (3 and 10 mg/ml) and in solid state with different water activities (a(w)) (0.22; 0.