Insights into terpenes profiling and transcriptional analyses during flowering of different Cannabis sativa L. chemotypes.

Terpenes, volatile compounds known for their aromatic and therapeutic properties, play a pivotal role in shaping the overall chemical profile of Cannabis sativa L. Their biosynthesis in planta occurs in trichomes and involves the 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) and the mevalonic acid (MVA) pathways, responsible for producing the substrates utilized by a family of enzymes, the terpene synthases (TPS), for terpene production. In this work, a comprehensive approach combining chemical analyses of the volatile compounds characterizing the aroma of the inflorescences three C.

L. essential oil: chemical characterisation and antimicrobial activity against methicillin-resistant .

L. essential oil has attracted the interest of the scientific community thanks to its numerous biological activities. Several studies have evaluated EOs as alternative therapeutic approaches to limit the use of antibiotics; the present study aimed to evaluate the inhibitory and bactericidal activity of the essential oils obtained from the leaves and inflorescences of two hemp genotypes against twenty-one multidrug-resistant, methicillin-resistant strains isolated from canine clinical samples.

Metabolic characterization and transcriptional profiling of polyphenols in Cannabis sativa L. inflorescences with different chemical phenotypes.

After the most comprehensive analysis of the phenolic composition in Cannabis reported to date, a total of 211 compounds were identified, phenolic profiles were able to discriminate cannabis varieties and a complex regulatory network for phenolics accumulation in Cannabis chemovars was highlighted. Female inflorescences of Cannabis sativa L. are plenty of secondary metabolites, of which flavonoids and phenolic acids have been investigated by far less than phytocannabinoids and terpenoids.

When L. Turns Purple: Biosynthesis and Accumulation of Anthocyanins.

Environmental cues elicit anthocyanin synthesis in plant vegetative and reproductive tissues. Their accumulation in different organs accounts for their diverse biological functions, mainly related to their antioxidant properties, and it depends on a temporally and spatially regulated mechanism controlled by the action of a well-known multi-transcription factor complex. Despite the highly recognizable value of L.

Phytocannabinoids biosynthesis during early stages of development of young Cannabis sativa L. seedlings: Integrating biochemical and transcription data.

Cannabis sativa (L.) is characterized by great genetic and phenotypic diversity, also expressed in the array of bioactive compounds synthesized. Despite its great potential economic interest, knowledge of the biology and genetics of this crop is incomplete, and still many efforts are needed for a complete understanding of the molecular mechanisms regulating its key traits.

Effect of Genotype, Year, and Their Interaction on the Accumulation of Bioactive Compounds and the Antioxidant Activity in Industrial Hemp ( L.) Inflorescences.

The phytochemical content and the antioxidant activity in the inflorescences of six industrial hemp ( L.) genotypes, four monoecious (Codimono, Carmaleonte, Futura 75, and Santhica 27), and two dioecious (Fibrante and Carmagnola Selezionata), were assessed for three consecutive years from 2018 to 2020. The total phenolic content, total flavonoid content, and antioxidant activity were determined by spectrophotometric measurements, whereas HPLC and GC/MS were used to identify and quantify the phenolic compounds, terpenes, cannabinoids, tocopherols, and phytosterols.

The B1080/B1192 molecular marker identifies hemp plants with functional THCA synthase and total THC content above legal limit.

In Cannabis sativa L. the presence of delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) above legal limit is a challenging issue that still restricts the industrial exploitation of this promising crop. In recent years, the interest of entrepreneurs and growers who see hemp as a dynamic and profitable crop was joined by the growing knowledge on C.

Cis-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid occurrence in Cannabis sativa L.

Cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) and trans-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (trans-Δ-THCA) are known to be the major phytocannabinoids in Cannabis sativa L., along with their decarboxylated derivatives cannabidiol (CBD) and trans-Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol (trans-Δ-THC). The cis isomer of Δ-THC has been recently identified, characterized and quantified in several Cannabis sativa varieties, which had been heated (decarboxylated) before the analysis.

Kynurenine and kynurenic acid: Two human neuromodulators found in Cannabis sativa L.

L-Kynurenine (KYN) and kynurenic acid (KYNA) are products of the metabolism of L-tryptophan (TRP) in the central nervous system of animals, but they are not commonly found in plants. In particular, KYNA is known for its interesting pharmacological properties (anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, hypolipidemic, and neuroprotective), which suggest a potential functional food ingredient role. The three compounds were identified in samples of Cannabis sativa L.

Analysis of Sequence Variability and Transcriptional Profile of Genes in L. Chemotypes with a Focus on .

L. has been long cultivated for its narcotic potential due to the accumulation of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid (THCA) in female inflorescences, but nowadays its production for fiber, seeds, edible oil and bioactive compounds has spread throughout the world. However, some hemp varieties still accumulate traces of residual THCA close to the 0.

The novel heptyl phorolic acid cannabinoids content in different Cannabis sativa L. accessions.

The recent discovery of the novel heptyl phytocannabinoids cannabidiphorol (CBDP) and Δ-tetrahydrocannabiphorol (Δ-THCP) raised a series of questions relating to the presence and abundance of these new unorthodox compounds in cannabis inflorescence or derived products. As fresh inflorescence contains mainly their acid precursors, which are not commercially available, an ad hoc stereoselective synthesis was performed in order to obtain cannabidiphorolic acid (CBDPA) and Δ-tetrahydrocannabiphorolic acid (THCPA) to be used as analytical standards for quantitative purposes. The present work reports an unprecedented targeted analysis of both pentyl (C5) and heptyl (C7) CBD- and THC-type compounds in forty-nine cannabis samples representing four different chemotypes.

Essential Oil of L: Comparison of Yield and Chemical Composition of 11 Hemp Genotypes.

L. is an annual species cultivated since antiquity for different purposes. While, in the past, hemp inflorescences were considered crop residues, at present, they are regarded as valuable raw materials with different applications, among which extraction of the essential oil (EO) has gained increasing interest in many fields.

In Silybum marianum Italian wild populations the variability of silymarin profiles results from the combination of only two stable chemotypes.

Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn. is an important medicinal plant belonging to Mediterranean flora.

In Silico Identification of MYB and bHLH Families Reveals Candidate Transcription Factors for Secondary Metabolic Pathways in L.

Plant secondary metabolic pathways are finely regulated by the activity of transcription factors, among which members of the bHLH and MYB subfamilies play a main role. L. is a unique officinal plant species with over 600 synthesized phytochemicals having diverse scale-up industrial and pharmaceutical usage.

Selection and validation of reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in different tissues of milk thistle (Silybum marianum, Gaert.).

Quantitative reverse transcription PCR is a sensitive technique for evaluating transcriptional profiles in different experimental datasets. To obtain a reliable quantification of the transcripts level, data normalization with stable reference genes is required. Stable reference genes are identified after analysis of their transcripts profile in every new experiment and species of interest.