Dysmenorrhea and Heavy Menstrual Bleeding in Elite Female Athletes: Quality of Life and Perceived Stress.

In female athletes, the incidence of menstrual disorders is variable, and their impact on perceived stress and quality of life (QoL) is poorly known.The aim of the present study was to investigate the menstrual cycle characteristics and disorders in athletes performing different sports, also evaluating perceived stress and QoL according to their menstrual cycle features. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in nulliparous elite athletes of reproductive age, and the study population included 112 cases.