Effects of multidisciplinary therapy on energy balance, inflammation, and metabolic diseases in adolescents with obesity: A narrative review.

Obesity is a consequence of multiple factors, including genetics, lifestyle and nutritional choices, physical activity, sleep duration, screen time, and mood disorders. These behavioral elements can impair the regulation of energy balance and obesity management that link obesity to a constellation of chronic conditions that lead to a high prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors, metabolic syndrome, and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Multidisciplinary therapy is defined as an approach delivered by a multidisciplinary-trained health team covering at least two components of behavior, physical activity/exercise, dietary habits, and/or psychological counseling associated with clinical interventions.

Association between Serum Fatty Acids Profile and MetScore in Women with Severe Obesity.

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a set of conditions associated with an increased cardiovascular risk. Several serum fatty acids (FAs) seem to play an essential role in the development of cardiometabolic diseases and mortality. Thus, it is imperative to explore the impact of FAs on MetS parameters, using an early MetS screening tool such as MetScore, which is readily available in clinical practice.

Serum Fatty Acids and Inflammatory Patterns in Severe Obesity: A Preliminary Investigation in Women.

Inflammation plays a central role in many chronic diseases that characterize modern society. Leptin/adiponectin and adiponectin/leptin ratios have been recognized as notable markers of dysfunctional adipose tissue and, consequently, an inflammatory state. Blood samples were collected from 41 adult volunteers (40.

Body composition assessment in individuals with class II/III obesity: a narrative review.

Background: Individuals with class II/III obesity have a high percentage of body fat. Assessing body composition in cases of severe obesity can be difficult and controversial both in clinical practice and scientific research. Thus, it is essential to explore the different aspects of evaluating body composition and to discuss the available methods to assess it in this population.

The impact of the obesity onset on the inflammatory and glycemic profile of women with severe obesity.

Background: The stage of life at the onset of obesity is an important factor in assessing inflammatory state and cardiometabolic risk.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between the obesity onset and the inflammatory profile in women with severe obesity.

Setting: Public hospital, Brazil.

The degree of food processing can influence serum fatty acid and lipid profiles in women with severe obesity.

Background: The increase in the prevalence of obesity is associated with the increase in the consumption of ultra-processed foods and may be related to the increase in the disorders involving metabolism and the transport and storage of fatty acids.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of processed food consumption according to the degree of processing on the serum fatty acid levels and lipid profile of women with severe obesity.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study.

The Influence of Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms On Body Weight Trajectory After Bariatric Surgery: A Systematic Review.

Purpose Of Review: To conduct a systematic review to summarize the results of studies on this subject and to identify whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are good prognostic markers for body weight trajectory after bariatric surgery.

Recent Findings: A considerable number of events can influence the body weight trajectory after bariatric surgery, and in the post-genomic era, genetic factors have been explored. This study is registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021240903).

Dietary inflammatory index and its relation to the pathophysiological aspects of obesity: a narrative review.

Obesity, a complex disease that involves energy imbalance and chronic low-grade inflammation, is implicated in the pathogenesis of several chronic non-communicable diseases. As dietary components modulate the human body's inflammatory status, the Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII), a literature-derived dietary index, was developed in 2009 to characterize the inflammatory potential of a habitual diet. Abundant research has been conducted to investigate the associations between DII and obesity.

Krill Oil Supplementation Does Not Change Waist Circumference and Sagittal Abdominal Diameter in Overweight Women: A Pilot Balanced, Double-Blind, and Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial.

An excess of body fat is one of the biggest public health concerns in the world, due to its relationship with the emergence of other health problems. Evidence suggests that supplementation with long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (omega-3) promotes increased lipolysis and the reduction of body mass. Likewise, this clinical trial aimed to evaluate the effects of supplementation with krill oil on waist circumference and sagittal abdominal diameter in overweight women.

The Role of ANP Level Response in Interdisciplinary Weight Loss Therapy on Cardiometabolic Risk and Body Composition in Adolescents with Obesity.

Background: The action of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) on natriuresis, diuresis and vasodilatation, insulin resistance, liver, kidney, and adipose tissue may contribute to the healthy metabolic and cardiovascular development. Even though the circulating level of ANP is reduced in patients with obesity, its response to weight loss remains poorly explored in pediatric populations.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of ANP variations in response to interdisciplinary weight loss intervention on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risks in adolescents with obesity.

Adipocytokine and appetite-regulating hormone response to weight loss in adolescents with obesity: Impact of weight loss magnitude.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the association between the magnitude of weight loss (WL) and serum concentrations of the main adipocytokines and appetite-regulating hormones in adolescents with obesity.

Methods: After completion of informed consent,108 adolescents with obesity (14-19 y of age; postpubertal) were submitted to clinical, nutritional, psychological, physical exercise, and physiotherapy support for 1 y. Body composition (BC) and plasma levels of neuropeptides (neuropeptide Y [NPY], agouti-related peptide [AgRP], and α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone [α-MSH]) and leptin were measured at baseline and post-intervention.

Dietary recommendations during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Optimal nutrition can improve well-being and might mitigate the risk and morbidity associated with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). This review summarizes nutritional guidelines to support dietary counseling provided by dietitians and health-related professionals. The majority of documents encouraged the consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole grain foods.

Higher increase degree of FGF21 post long-term interdisciplinary weight loss therapy preserves the free fat mass and rest metabolic rate in adolescents with obesity.

Objective Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is among the activators that can stimulate thermogenesis in the white adipose tissue and brown adipose tissue. People with obesity have elevated blood levels of FGF21, but also develop resistance to its action, impairing its beneficial role. Inversely, clinical treatments to weight loss has been pointed out as an important therapy for increasing and recovering sensitivity to FGF21.

Sleep-disordered breathing in adolescents with obesity: When does it start to affect cardiometabolic health?

Background And Aims: Pediatric obesity and sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) are associated with cardiometabolic risk (CMR), but the degree of severity at which SDB affects cardiometabolic health is unknown. We assessed the relationship between the CMR and the apnea-hypopnea index (AHI), to identify a threshold of AHI from which an increase in the CMR is observed, in adolescents with obesity. We also compared the clinical, cardiometabolic and sleep characteristics between adolescents presenting a high (CMR+) and low CMR (CMR-), according to the threshold of AHI.

Nutrient intake is a predictor of lung function in obese asthmatic adolescents undergoing interdisciplinary therapy.

Asthma-obesity is a multifactorial disease with specific asthma phenotypes that aggravate due to overweight and an unbalanced diet. Furthermore, obese asthmatic patients are corticotherapy-resistant. Therefore, the aims of the present study were to evaluate the effects of an interdisciplinary intervention on food consumption, body composition, lung function and adipokines in asthmatic and non-asthmatic obese adolescents and to investigate the influence of nutrients on lung function.

Effects of magnitude of visceral adipose tissue reduction: Impact on insulin resistance, hyperleptinemia and cardiometabolic risk in adolescents with obesity after long-term weight-loss therapy.

Aim: To investigate the association between visceral adipose tissue loss and insulin resistance and hyperleptinemia in adolescents with obesity submitted to interdisciplinary weight-loss therapy.

Methods: A total of 172 post-pubertal adolescents (body mass index greater than the 95th percentile of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference growth charts) were recruited for the study. The adolescents were assigned to long-term weight-loss therapy.

Serum advanced glycation end products are not associated with muscle strength in hemodialysis patients.

Background: Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are elevated in patients with renal failure and may potentially affect skeletal muscle. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether serum concentrations of AGEs are associated with muscle strength in hemodialysis (HD) patients, since this association is not clear in the literature.

Methods: This research has a cross-sectional design and included 96 patients on hemodialysis treatment (20-69 years).

The Long-Term Impact of High Levels of Alpha-Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone in Energy Balance Among Obese Adolescents.

Background: Deregulation of orexigenic and anorexigenic pathways occurs among adolescents with obesity. Alpha-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) is a key catabolic mediator of energy homeostasis and an important anorexigenic neuropeptide in the control of energy balance and thermogenesis. However, it was not well explored if α-MSH can modulate long-term weight loss therapy responses in a dependent manner according to its concentration.

LEPR polymorphism may affect energy balance during weight loss among Brazilians obese adolescents.

Objective: Leptin is an adipokine released mainly by adipose tissue, with many functions including regulation of energy balance. However, little is known about the effect of LEPR polymorphism on orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides. Thus, the aim of the present study is to verify the influence of LEPR polymorphism (rs2767485) on serum orexigenic (NPY, MCH and AgRP) and anorexigenic (Leptin and α-MSH) neuropeptides levels among obese adolescents submitted to 1year of multicomponent weight loss therapy.

Different metabolic responses induced by long-term interdisciplinary therapy in obese adolescents related to ACE I/D polymorphism.

Introduction: The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether I/D polymorphism of the ACE gene might affect metabolic changes related to the metabolic syndrome through a long-term interdisciplinary therapy in obese adolescents.

Methods: In total, 125 obese adolescents who entered the interdisciplinary obesity programme were assigned to the following two subgroups: metabolic syndrome or non-metabolic syndrome. They were evaluated at baseline and after 1 year.