Cross-cultural adaptation and validation of the instrument Diabetes - 39 (D-39): brazilian version for type 2 diabetes mellitus patients - stage 1.

The study aimed to accomplish a cross-cultural adaptation of the 'Diabetes - 39 - D-39' instrument for Brazil, to test the validity of the adapted version in a sample of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and to describe the participants of the study, according to the scores obtained on the Likert-type scale. The instrument adaptation process followed several steps: instrument translation; achievement of the consensus in Portuguese; evaluation by an expert committee; back-translation; achievement of the consensus in English; comparison of the original and consensus versions in English; semantic analysis and pre-test of the Portuguese version. Results showed that the instrument items, in the first stage of cultural adaptation to Portuguese, presented high internal consistency levels.

[The preparation of the surgical team: significant aspect in the control of environmental contamination].

The control of environmental contamination has been considered a rational measure for preventing surgical site infection. This study aims to present the current recommendations related to the preparation of the surgical team and to discuss the role of nurses in controlling environmental contamination. On the basis of current literature, we treat issues related to surgical garment and hand brushing.