CASE DEFINITION AND TREATMENT TRIAL OF TETANY SYNDROME IN PANAMANIAN GOLDEN FROGS ().

The mass extinction of amphibians necessitates specialized programs to ensure species' survival. Maryland Zoo in Baltimore houses the largest assurance population of the critically endangered Panamanian golden frog (). However, individuals in this population experience a tetany-like syndrome, characterized by rigid/inappropriately positioned limbs and difficulty hopping, swimming, and righting.

Ionic Liquid Coating-Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV.

Delivering cargo to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a pharmacological challenge. For infectious diseases such as HIV, the CNS acts as a latent reservoir that is inadequately managed by systemic antiretrovirals (ARTs). ARTs thus cannot eradicate HIV, and given CNS infection, patients experience neurological deficits collectively referred to as "neuroHIV".

Inflammation-induced subcutaneous neovascularization for the long-term survival of encapsulated islets without immunosuppression.

Cellular therapies for type-1 diabetes can leverage cell encapsulation to dispense with immunosuppression. However, encapsulated islet cells do not survive long, particularly when implanted in poorly vascularized subcutaneous sites. Here we show that the induction of neovascularization via temporary controlled inflammation through the implantation of a nylon catheter can be used to create a subcutaneous cavity that supports the transplantation and optimal function of a geometrically matching islet-encapsulation device consisting of a twisted nylon surgical thread coated with an islet-seeded alginate hydrogel.

PHARMACOKINETICS OF ORAL FLUNIXIN MEGLUMINE, MELOXICAM, OR GABAPENTIN IN THREE BLACK RHINOCEROS ().

Pharmacokinetics of single, separate doses of IV flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg), IV meloxicam (0.5 mg/kg), oral flunixin meglumine (1 mg/kg), oral meloxicam (1 mg/kg), and oral gabapentin (15 mg/kg) in three adult black rhinoceroses () were determined from serial blood collection made over 72 h. The concentration versus time profiles were analyzed for each drug and route in each individual rhinoceros, and individual pharmacokinetic parameters were calculated for each medication administered.

Ionic Liquid Coating-Driven Nanoparticle Delivery to the Brain: Applications for NeuroHIV.

Delivering cargo to the central nervous system (CNS) remains a pharmacological challenge. For infectious diseases such as HIV, the CNS acts as a latent reservoir that is inadequately managed by systemic antiretrovirals (ARTs). ARTs thus cannot eradicate HIV, and given CNS infection, patients experience an array of neurological deficits that are collectively referred to as 'neuroHIV'.

Rediscovery of the critically endangered Hill's horseshoe bat () and other new records of bat species in Rwanda.

Background: For forty years, there has been growing uncertainty about whether Hill's horseshoe bat () still persists in Nyungwe National Park, Rwanda. Only known from one small area within the National Park, is listed as Critically Endangered by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature (IUCN), based on its extremely small geographic range and presumed low number of mature individuals. Here, we present and describe bat species occurrence data contributed to the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) that we collected as part of a long-term collaborative project to rediscover this lost species.

Perioperative characteristics, histologic diagnosis, complications, and outcomes of dogs undergoing percutaneous drainage, sclerotherapy or surgical management of intrarenal cystic lesions: 18 dogs (2004-2021).

Background: Canine intrarenal cystic lesions (ICLs) are infrequently reported in the veterinary literature. Several treatment options have been described including cyst fenestration (partial nephrectomy/deroofing) +/- omentalization, sclerotherapy using alcohol as a sclerosing agent, percutaneous cyst drainage (PCD), and ureteronephrectomy. Information regarding presenting clinical signs, physical examination findings, histologic diagnosis and outcomes of dogs with ICLs treated by different methods is limited.

Clinical features, concurrent disorders, and survival time in cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome.

Objective: To characterize clinical features, comorbidities, frequency of bacterial isolation, and survival time in cats with suppurative cholangitis-cholangiohepatitis syndrome (S-CCHS).

Animals: 168 client-owned cats with S-CCHS.

Procedures: Data were prospectively (1980 to 2019) collected regarding clinical features, comorbidities, bacterial infection, illness duration, and treatments.

Relationships between congenital peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia or congenital central diaphragmatic hernia and ductal plate malformations in dogs and cats.

Objective: To characterize the association between peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH) or congenital central diaphragmatic hernia (CCDH) and ductal plate malformations (DPMs) in dogs and cats.

Animals: 18 dogs and 18 cats with PPDH or CCDH and 19 dogs and 18 cats without PPDH or CCDH.

Procedures: Evaluation of clinical details verified PPDH or CCDH and survival times.

A Zwitterionic Polyurethane Nanoporous Device with Low Foreign-Body Response for Islet Encapsulation.

Encapsulation of insulin-producing cells is a promising strategy for treatment of type 1 diabetes. However, engineering an encapsulation device that is both safe (i.e.

A nanofibrous encapsulation device for safe delivery of insulin-producing cells to treat type 1 diabetes.

Transplantation of stem cell-derived β (SC-β) cells represents a promising therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, the delivery, maintenance, and retrieval of these cells remain a challenge. Here, we report the design of a safe and functional device composed of a highly porous, durable nanofibrous skin and an immunoprotective hydrogel core.

Comparison of patient outcomes following enterotomy versus intestinal resection and anastomosis for treatment of intestinal foreign bodies in dogs.

Objective: To quantify the relative risk of intestinal dehiscence in dogs undergoing intestinal resection and anastomosis (IRA), compared with enterotomy, for surgical management of small intestinal foreign bodies, and to evaluate the association between nasogastric tube placement for early enteral nutrition (EEN) and hospitalization time.

Animals: 211 dogs undergoing 227 surgeries for intestinal foreign body removal.

Procedures: Medical records were reviewed for dogs undergoing a single-site sutured enterotomy or IRA for foreign body intestinal obstruction between May 2008 and April 2018.

Seeking community water fluoridation information on state health department websites.

Community water fluoridation (CWF) is the most effective and equitable approach to preventing dental caries (tooth decay). Yet millions of Americans, especially those at highest risk of caries, do not know what CWF is or its preventive benefits. State health departments are responsible for educating their respective populations.

An inverse-breathing encapsulation system for cell delivery.

Cell encapsulation represents a promising therapeutic strategy for many hormone-deficient diseases such as type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, adequate oxygenation of the encapsulated cells remains a challenge, especially in the poorly oxygenated subcutaneous site. Here, we present an encapsulation system that generates oxygen (O) for the cells from their own waste product, carbon dioxide (CO), in a self-regulated (i.

Zwitterionically modified alginates mitigate cellular overgrowth for cell encapsulation.

Foreign body reaction (FBR) to implanted biomaterials and medical devices is common and can compromise the function of implants or cause complications. For example, in cell encapsulation, cellular overgrowth (CO) and fibrosis around the cellular constructs can reduce the mass transfer of oxygen, nutrients and metabolic wastes, undermining cell function and leading to transplant failure. Therefore, materials that mitigate FBR or CO will have broad applications in biomedicine.

An Atmosphere-Breathing Refillable Biphasic Device for Cell Replacement Therapy.

Cell replacement therapy is emerging as a promising treatment platform for many endocrine disorders and hormone deficiency diseases. The survival of cells within delivery devices is, however, often limited due to low oxygen levels in common transplantation sites. Additionally, replacing implanted devices at the end of the graft lifetime is often unfeasible and, where possible, generally requires invasive surgical procedures.

Effect of subcutaneous closure technique on incisional complications and postoperative pain in cats undergoing midline celiotomy: A randomized, blinded, controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the effect of three methods of subcutaneous tissue closure on postoperative incisional complications and pain in cats.

Study Design: Single-center, randomized, blinded, controlled trial conducted in a veterinary teaching hospital.

Animals: Two hundred ninety-seven cats undergoing midline celiotomy for ovariohysterectomy (n = 280) or other abdominal procedure (n = 17).

Engineering transferrable microvascular meshes for subcutaneous islet transplantation.

The success of engineered cell or tissue implants is dependent on vascular regeneration to meet adequate metabolic requirements. However, development of a broadly applicable strategy for stable and functional vascularization has remained challenging. We report here highly organized and resilient microvascular meshes fabricated through a controllable anchored self-assembly method.

Vascular ring anomalies in cats: 20 cases (2000-2018).

Objective: To report the clinical characteristics, types of vascular ring anomalies (VRA), operative findings, complications, and survival after surgical treatment of cats with VRA.

Study Design: Retrospective, multi-institutional case series.

Animals: Client- or shelter-owned cats presenting to academic, referral veterinary institutions.

Intraoperative and major postoperative complications and survival of dogs undergoing surgical management of epiglottic retroversion: 50 dogs (2003-2017).

Objective: To report intraoperative and major postoperative complications in dogs treated surgically for epiglottic retroversion (ER), compare the incidence of major postoperative complications between procedures, and report survival of surgically treated dogs.

Study Design: Multi-institutional retrospective study.

Sample Population: Fifty dogs treated with 78 procedures.

A review of the major threats and challenges to global bat conservation.

Bats are an ecologically and taxonomically diverse group accounting for roughly a fifth of mammalian diversity worldwide. Many of the threats bats face (e.g.