Caregivers' physiological responses during toddler vaccinations: associations with psychological and behavioral responses.

Objective: This study investigated biological, psychological, and behavioral aspects of caregivers' responses to toddlers' pain-related distress by measuring caregivers' high-frequency heart rate variability (HRV) responses during toddler vaccination pain and examining associations with caregivers' behavioral responses and psychological stress.

Methods: Participants included caregiver-toddler dyads (N = 194) from a longitudinal cohort-sequential study who were observed during toddlers' 12-, 18-, or 24-month routine vaccinations. Changes in caregiver HRV were analyzed using growth curve modeling.

It takes two: The relative contributions of parent versus child-led regulatory behaviours on toddler vaccination pain.

Background: Past research has established the important role of parent soothing in early childhood pain management. However, limited research has assessed children's own emerging emotion regulation strategies to reduce their pain during vaccination. The purpose of the current study was to understand the relative contributions of child-led emotion-regulation behaviours over and above parent regulatory behaviours and pre-needle distress.

Caregiver Ratings of Toddler Pain: The Role of Caregiver Psychological Predictors.

Introduction/aim: Young children's limited ability to self-report pain necessitates an understanding of the factors that influence pain ratings. The current paper examines the relative prediction of caregiver psychological factors and toddler pain behaviors on caregiver pain ratings post-vaccination.

Methods: One hundred fifty-six parent-toddler dyads were video recorded during pediatric vaccinations.

Distinct trajectories of caregiver-toddler physiological attunement during routine vaccinations.

Introduction: Toddlers rely on their caregivers for regulatory support when faced with pain-related distress. The caregiver's ability to support their toddler relies on their capacity to regulate their own distress and respond effectively to the child's need for support. The aim of the current study was to describe patterns of caregiver-toddler physiological co-regulatory patterns, also known as attunement, during routine vaccinations across the second year of life.

A Measure of Caregivers' Distress-Promoting Behaviors During Toddler Vaccination: Validation of the OUCHIE-RV.

Objective: The current study discusses the development and preliminary validation of an observational measure of caregivers' distress-promoting behavior (OUCHIE-RV) in the context of toddler routine vaccination.

Methods: Measure validation was based on a sample of caregiver-toddler dyads (N = 223) from a longitudinal cohort-sequential study who were observed during toddlers' 12-, 18-, or 24-month routine vaccinations. Validity was assessed using correlations and cross-lagged path analysis and associations were tested between OUCHIE-RV composite scores and toddlers' pain-related distress as well as caregivers' state anxiety, soothing behaviors, heart rate, and heart rate variability.

Caregiver and Child Distress as Predictors of Dyadic Physiological Attunement During Vaccination.

Objective: Previous research discerned 3 groups of caregiver-toddler dyads that differed in their physiological coregulatory patterns, also known as physiological attunement, during routine vaccinations in the second year of life. One group of dyads (80% of sample) displayed an attuned regulatory pattern, and 2 groups of dyads (20% of sample) showed maladaptive attunement patterns (ie, a lack of attunement or misattunement). The objective of the current study was to examine how well the pain-related distress of children and caregivers during vaccination predicted these patterns.

Understanding the concurrent and predictive relations between child-led emotion regulation behaviors and pain during vaccination in toddlerhood.

The purpose of this study was to further our understanding of early childhood pain-related distress regulation. Concurrent and predictive relations between child-led emotion regulation (ER) behaviors and pain-related distress during vaccination were examined at 2 different ages using autoregressive cross-lagged path analyses. Toddlers were video-recorded at the 12- and 18-month routine vaccination appointments (12-month-old [N = 163]; 18-month-old [N = 149]).

STABILISE; treatment of aortic dissection, a single Centre experience.

Purpose: To outline the process of the STABILISE technique and its use; reporting patient outcomes and midterm follow up for complicated aortic dissection.

Materials And Methods: Single centre retrospective analysis from January 2011 to January 2021 using the STABILISE technique which utilises balloon assistance to facilitate intimal disruption and promote aortic relamination.

Results: Sixteen patients underwent endovascular aortic repair with the STABILISE technique for aortic dissection over the study period.

Investigating convergence of cardiac and behavioral indicators of distress during routine vaccinations over the second year of life.

There is considerable variability regarding the convergence between behavioral and biological aspects of distress responses in toddlerhood, and little research has investigated the convergence of these measures in high distress. The aim of the current study was to describe patterns of distress responses to vaccinations as indexed by both pain-related behavioral distress and heart rate (HR) at 12 and 18 months. Caregiver-toddler dyads were part of an ongoing longitudinal cohort observed during 12- (N = 158) and 18-month (N = 122) well-baby vaccinations.

An examination of the reciprocal and concurrent relations between behavioral and cardiac indicators of acute pain in toddlerhood.

The aim of this study was to examine the concurrent and predictive relations between healthy toddlers' pain behavior and cardiac indicators (ie, heart rate [HR] and respiratory sinus arrhythmia [RSA]) during routine vaccinations. Caregiver-infant dyads were part of a longitudinal cohort observed during their 12- and 18-month vaccinations. Behavioral and cardiac data were simultaneously collected for 1-minute preneedle and 3-minutes postneedle.

Lessons Learned and New Challenges: Re-evaluation of End-User Assessment of a Skills-Based Training Program for Urology Trainees.

Objectives: To re-assess the perceived benefit and relevance of simulation sessions to Victorian urology trainees and to identify areas for potential improvement.

Subjects And Methods: All trainees attending skills training sessions between 2011 and 2016 were asked to complete a structured questionnaire at the completion of the session. The questionnaire included 11 topic areas ranging from the year of surgical training to degree of usefulness of the session, including several sections for free-text response to offer more detailed feedback.

Long-to-short wavelength swept source.

Most swept external cavity diode lasers tune in the short-to-long wavelength direction (red tuning). Lower relative intensity noise (RIN) and higher output power are typically possible in this direction. We show here that long-to-short tuning (blue tuning) is possible for a short, linear cavity laser that has both low noise and high power.

Active trachoma and community use of sanitation, Ethiopia.

Objective: To investigate, in Amhara, Ethiopia, the association between prevalence of active trachoma among children aged 1-9 years and community sanitation usage.

Methods: Between 2011 and 2014, prevalence of trachoma and household pit latrine usage were measured in five population-based cross-sectional surveys. Data on observed indicators of latrine use were aggregated into a measure of community sanitation usage calculated as the proportion of households with a latrine in use.

Coherence properties of short cavity swept lasers.

It has been shown theoretically and experimentally that short cavity swept lasers are passively mode locked. We develop a mathematical model of these lasers and the light field solutions are used to predict the coherence length and coherence revival behavior. The calculations compare favorably with data from a 990-1100 nm laser swept at 100 kHz suitable for optical coherence tomography applications.

SNR of swept SLEDs and swept lasers for OCT.

A back-to-back comparison of a tunable narrow-band-filtered SLED (TSLED) and a swept laser are made for OCT applications. The two sources are similar in terms of sweep speed, tuning range and coherence length. A fundamental issue with a TSLED is that the RIN is proportional to 1/linewidth, meaning that the longer the coherence length, the higher the RIN and clock jitter.

Effectiveness of a publicly funded clinical paediatric weight management program on obesity outcomes.

Objective: To determine the effectiveness of a publicly funded, paediatric weight management clinic in decreasing obesity.

Methods: A retrospective chart review of patients four to 16 years of age, from 2006 to 2009, was performed at a medically supervised weight management clinic (n=121). Patients participated in monthly visits and were educated about the cognitive behavioural and nutritional aspects of weight management.

A randomized trial of rotavirus vaccine versus sucrose solution for vaccine injection pain.

Objective: Sucrose solutions are analgesic in infants. Oral rotavirus vaccine contains sucrose, however, it is not known if it possesses analgesic properties. The objective was to compare the analgesic effectiveness of rotavirus vaccine to sucrose solution when administered prior to injectable vaccines.

Canine orbital rhabdomyosarcoma: a report of 18 cases.

Purpose: To describe clinical and pathological features of canine orbital rhabdomyosarcoma (COR).

Methods: Retrospective review of patients with COR from the archives of the Comparative Ocular Pathology Laboratory of Wisconsin and the University of Wisconsin Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital (1983-2014).

Results: Eighteen cases of COR were identified, all diagnosed in an 8-year period (2006-2014).

Dose-response relationship between serum 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin and diabetes mellitus: a meta-analysis.

We systematically evaluated studies published through May 2014 in which investigators assessed the dose-response relationship between serum levels of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) and the occurrence of diabetes mellitus (DM), and we investigated the extent and sources of interstudy heterogeneity. The dose-response relationship between serum TCDD and DM across studies was examined using 2 dependent variables: an exposure level-specific proportion of persons with DM and a corresponding natural log-transformed ratio measure of the association between TCDD and DM. Regression slopes for each dependent variable were obtained for each study and included in a random-effects meta-analysis.

Long-term renal and neurologic outcomes among survivors of diethylene glycol poisoning.

Importance: At least 13 medication-associated diethylene glycol (DEG) mass poisonings have occurred since 1937. To our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal study characterizing long-term health outcomes among survivors beyond the acute poisoning period.

Objective: To characterize renal and neurologic outcomes among survivors of a 2006 DEG mass-poisoning event in Panama for 2 years after exposure.

"Lumping" vs "splitting" in oncologic pathology: association with cancer center type and case volume.

Context: Prior studies reported associations of cancer center facility type and case volume with cancer outcomes (such as survival) and treatment-related processes (such as treatment with chemotherapy, surgery, or radiotherapy).

Objective: To determine whether facility characteristics are associated with use of broad (lumped) vs narrow (split) diagnoses in cancer pathology.

Design: We examined associations of facility characteristics and prevalence of broad diagnoses that might adversely affect treatment decisions (based on National Comprehensive Cancer Network treatment guidelines) in National Cancer Data Base records for patients diagnosed from 2004-2008.

Automated large-scale culture and medium-throughput chemical screen for modulators of proliferation and viability of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neuroepithelial-like stem cells.

The aim of this study was to demonstrate proof-of-concept feasibility for the use of human neural stem cells (NSCs) for high-throughput screening (HTS) applications. For this study, an adherent human induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell-derived long-term, self-renewing, neuroepithelial-like stem (lt-NES) cell line was selected as a representative NSC. Here, we describe the automated large-scale serum-free culture ("scale-up") of human lt-NES cells on the CompacT SelecT cell culture robotic platform, followed by their subsequent automated "scale-out" into a microwell plate format.

Phylogenetic code in the cloud - can it meet the expectations?

Cloud computing has recently become very popular, and several bioinformatics applications exist already in that domain. The aim of this article is to analyse a current cloud system with respect to usability, benchmark its performance and compare its user friendliness with a conventional cluster job submission system. Given the current hype on the theme, user expectations are rather high, but current results show that neither the price/performance ratio nor the usage model is very satisfactory for large-scale embarrassingly parallel applications.

Timing of maturation and predictors of menarche in girls enrolled in a contemporary British cohort.

This study describes the timing of puberty in 8- to 13-year-old girls enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and identifies factors associated with earlier achievement of menarche. Women were enrolled during pregnancy and their offspring were followed prospectively. We analysed self-reported Tanner staging and menstrual status information collected annually from daughters up to age 13.