Publications by authors named "Fjoelnir F Gudmundsson"

Article Synopsis
  • A low molecular weight gelator (LMWG) using a specific benzene-1,3,5-tricarbocamide structure with terpyridine units was developed.
  • This gelator can create supramolecular gels that have useful features like self-healing abilities and modified optical properties when combined with certain metal ions.
  • The resultant gels can also be extruded, indicating their versatility for various applications.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Enhancing thermogenic brown adipose tissue (BAT) function is a promising therapeutic strategy for metabolic disease. However, predominantly thermoneutral modern human living conditions deactivate BAT. We demonstrate that selective adipocyte deficiency of the oxygen-sensor HIF-prolyl hydroxylase (PHD2) gene overcomes BAT dormancy at thermoneutrality.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study analyzed serum proteins in 5,127 older Icelandic adults to gain insights into the molecular processes of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) over nearly 13 years.
  • Researchers identified 303 proteins linked to incident LOAD, with over 40% showing independent associations from the APOE-ε4 gene variant, indicating involvement in neuronal functions.
  • Four proteins were found to be downregulated by APOE-ε4 but upregulated in LOAD, suggesting they may reflect a biological response to the onset of the disease, highlighting dysregulated processes early in LOAD development.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - This study addresses the challenges of accurately segmenting airway trees in the context of diagnosing and characterizing chronic respiratory diseases, emphasizing the limitations of existing traditional methods requiring manual adjustments due to inconsistent segmentation results.
  • - It introduces a novel deep learning approach called Interpolation-Split, which enhances segmentation performance by improving data quality through interpolation and image splitting, while also being efficient in terms of computational resource usage.
  • - The results show that this new method significantly outperforms previous models in segmentation accuracy, achieving high dice similarity coefficients while requiring less GPU memory, making it more accessible for various computational environments.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Autoimmune thyroid disease (AITD) is a common autoimmune disease. In a GWAS meta-analysis of 110,945 cases and 1,084,290 controls, 290 sequence variants at 225 loci are associated with AITD. Of these variants, 115 are previously unreported.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Lung cancer screening (LCS) using annual computed tomography (CT) scanning significantly reduces mortality by detecting cancerous lung nodules at an earlier stage. Deep learning algorithms can improve nodule malignancy risk stratification. However, they have typically been used to analyse single time point CT data when detecting malignant nodules on either baseline or incident CT LCS rounds.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • The study investigates the impact of exacerbations of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (ECOPD) on global mortality and hospital readmission rates after hospitalization.
  • The analysis included data from 65,945 COPD patients, revealing a 6.2% in-hospital mortality rate and significant post-discharge mortality and readmission rates at various intervals.
  • Researchers emphasize the need for standardized management of ECOPD and suggest that policymakers prioritize funding for effective therapies to reduce the incidence of recurrent hospitalizations.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The current demand for early intervention, prevention, and treatment of late onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) warrants deeper understanding of the underlying molecular processes which could contribute to biomarker and drug target discovery. Utilizing high-throughput proteomic measurements in serum from a prospective population-based cohort of older adults (n = 5,294), we identified 303 unique proteins associated with incident LOAD (median follow-up 12.8 years).

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: In 2021, the American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics (ACMG) recommended reporting actionable genotypes in 73 genes associated with diseases for which preventive or therapeutic measures are available. Evaluations of the association of actionable genotypes in these genes with life span are currently lacking.

Methods: We assessed the prevalence of coding and splice variants in genes on the ACMG Secondary Findings, version 3.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Persistent symptoms are common after SARS-CoV-2 infection but correlation with objective measures is unclear.

Methods: We invited all 3098 adults who tested SARS-CoV-2 positive in Iceland before October 2020 to the deCODE Health Study. We compared multiple symptoms and physical measures between 1706 Icelanders with confirmed prior infection (cases) who participated, and 619 contemporary and 13,779 historical controls.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is one of the most common causes of visual impairment in the elderly, with a complex and still poorly understood etiology. Whole-genome association studies have discovered 34 genomic regions associated with AMD. However, the genes and cognate proteins that mediate the risk, are largely unknown.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

The Nexilin F-Actin Binding Protein (Nexilin) encoded by NEXN is a cardiac Z-disc protein important for cardiac function and development in humans, zebrafish, and mice. Heterozygote variants in the human NEXN gene have been reported to cause dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Homozygous variants in NEXN cause a lethal form of human fetal cardiomyopathy, only described in two patients before.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Interstitial lung abnormalities (ILA) share many features with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis; however, it is not known if ILA are associated with decreased mean telomere length (MTL).

Methods: Telomere length was measured with quantitative PCR in the Genetic Epidemiology of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPDGene) and Age Gene/Environment Susceptibility Reykjavik (AGES-Reykjavik) cohorts and Southern blot analysis was used in the Framingham Heart Study (FHS). Logistic and linear regression were used to assess the association between ILA and MTL; Cox proportional hazards models were used to assess the association between MTL and mortality.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • Back pain is prevalent and complex, with this study exploring its genetic links through a genome-wide association approach involving nearly 120,000 cases of dorsalgia and about 59,000 of intervertebral disc disorder.
  • Researchers identified 41 genetic variants across 33 different locations, with the strongest correlation to a specific variant in the CHST3 gene that impacts intervertebral discs.
  • The study highlights that certain rare loss-of-function variants in the SLC13A1 gene may contribute significantly to intervertebral disc disorders, pointing to genetic factors that influence cartilage, bone health, and related inflammatory processes.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Platelets play an important role in hemostasis and other aspects of vascular biology. We conducted a meta-analysis of platelet count GWAS using data on 536,974 Europeans and identified 577 independent associations. To search for mechanisms through which these variants affect platelets, we applied cis-expression quantitative trait locus, DEPICT and IPA analyses and assessed genetic sharing between platelet count and various traits using polygenic risk scoring.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Coronary artery calcification (CAC) and carotid artery intima-media thickness (cIMT) are measures of subclinical atherosclerosis in asymptomatic individuals and strong risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is an independent cardiovascular disease risk factor that accelerates atherosclerosis.

Methods: We performed meta-analyses of genome-wide association studies in up to 2500 T2D individuals of European ancestry (EA) and 1590 T2D individuals of African ancestry with or without exclusion of prevalent cardiovascular disease, for CAC measured by cardiac computed tomography, and 3608 individuals of EA and 838 individuals of African ancestry with T2D for cIMT measured by ultrasonography within the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) Consortium.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A pressing concern in the SARS-CoV-2 epidemic and other viral outbreaks, is the extent to which the containment measures are halting the viral spread. A straightforward way to assess this is to tally the active cases and the recovered ones throughout the epidemic. Here, we show how epidemic control can be assessed with molecular information during a well characterized epidemic in Iceland.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Anthropogenic climate change is expected to affect global river flow. Here, we analyze time series of low, mean, and high river flows from 7250 observatories around the world covering the years 1971 to 2010. We identify spatially complex trend patterns, where some regions are drying and others are wetting consistently across low, mean, and high flows.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Background: Little is known about the nature and durability of the humoral immune response to infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).

Methods: We measured antibodies in serum samples from 30,576 persons in Iceland, using six assays (including two pan-immunoglobulin [pan-Ig] assays), and we determined that the appropriate measure of seropositivity was a positive result with both pan-Ig assays. We tested 2102 samples collected from 1237 persons up to 4 months after diagnosis by a quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) assay.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF
Article Synopsis
  • - The relationship between polypharmacy and frailty in older adults suggests a connection, but no causal link has been proven specifically for those already experiencing frailty.
  • - A review of studies published between 1998 and 2019 identified 25 randomized controlled trials focusing on how medications affect frailty, with some showing positive outcomes from specific drug interventions on aspects like physical performance and muscle strength.
  • - Overall, findings remain inconclusive regarding the impact of drugs on frailty, highlighting the need for further, well-structured trials that consistently assess frailty across different studies.
View Article and Find Full Text PDF

An increased incidence of lung cancer is well known among patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. It is not known whether interstitial lung abnormalities, early fibrotic changes of the lung, are a risk factor for lung cancer in the general population.The study's objective was to assess whether interstitial lung abnormalities were associated with diagnoses of, and mortality from, lung cancer and other cancers.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

We present a compact two-lens high-density polyethylene (HDPE) $ f/1.6 $f/1.6 refractor design that is capable of supporting a 28-deg diffraction-limited field of view at 1-mm wavelengths and contrast it to a similar two-lens refractor using silicon lenses.

View Article and Find Full Text PDF

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: fopen(/var/lib/php/sessions/ci_session9ks9cpaqd8a2qesajmhu8jiftdegne78): Failed to open stream: No space left on device

Filename: drivers/Session_files_driver.php

Line Number: 177

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once

A PHP Error was encountered

Severity: Warning

Message: session_start(): Failed to read session data: user (path: /var/lib/php/sessions)

Filename: Session/Session.php

Line Number: 137

Backtrace:

File: /var/www/html/index.php
Line: 316
Function: require_once