Radiographic association of chronological age based on the root pulp and periodontal ligament visibility in lower second molar teeth in a subset of the Pakistani population.

Objectives: To find radiographic association of the root pulp visibility and periodontal ligament visibility stages of lower second molar teeth with chronological age.

Methods: The prospective, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted after approval from the ethics review committee of Ziauddin University, Karachi, and comprised digital orthopantomograms from 2020 to 2022. The orthopantomograms related to lower second molar teeth from the left side of the mandible of individuals of either gender aged 18-40 years.

Comparative evaluation of propolis mouthwash with 0.2% chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in improving the periodontitis among perimenopausal women: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Propolis mouthwash compared to chlorhexidine mouthwash as an adjunct to mechanical therapy in improving clinical parameters in perimenopausal women with chronic periodontitis.

Methodology: A double-blind, randomized, controlled clinical trial was conducted by recruiting 144 subjects with mild to moderate chronic periodontitis. After scaling and root planning, subjects were allocated to two treatment groups: 0.