Digital AVATAR therapy for distressing voices in psychosis: the phase 2/3 AVATAR2 trial.

Distressing voices are a core symptom of psychosis, for which existing treatments are currently suboptimal; as such, new effective treatments for distressing voices are needed. AVATAR therapy involves voice-hearers engaging in a series of facilitated dialogues with a digital embodiment of the distressing voice. This randomized phase 2/3 trial assesses the efficacy of two forms of AVATAR therapy, AVATAR-Brief (AV-BRF) and AVATAR-Extended (AV-EXT), both combined with treatment as usual (TAU) compared to TAU alone, and conducted an intention-to-treat analysis.

Strain Heterogeneity and Extended Defects in Halide Perovskite Devices.

Strain is an important property in halide perovskite semiconductors used for optoelectronic applications because of its ability to influence device efficiency and stability. However, descriptions of strain in these materials are generally limited to bulk averages of bare films, which miss important property-determining heterogeneities that occur on the nanoscale and at interfaces in multilayer device stacks. Here, we present three-dimensional nanoscale strain mapping using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging of individual grains in CsFAPb(IBr) and CsFASnI (FA = formamidinium) halide perovskite absorbers buried in full solar cell devices.

-selective dimerization of terminal alkynes by a (PNNP)Fe complex.

A tetradentate bis(amido)bis(phosphine) Fe complex, (PNNP)Fe, is shown to activate the terminal C-H bond of aryl alkynes across its Fe-N bonds. (PNNP)Fe is also shown to catalytically dimerize terminal aryl alkynes to produce 1,3-enynes with  :  ratios as high as 96 : 4 with yields up to 95% and loadings as low as 1 mol% at 30 °C in 2 h. A plausible metal-ligand cooperative mechanism invoking a vinylidene intermediate is proposed.

Scintillator-based Timepix3 detector for neutron spin-echo techniques using intensity modulation.

A scintillator-based Timepix3 (TPX3) detector was developed to resolve the high-frequency modulation of a neutron beam in both spatial and temporal domains, as required for neutron spin-echo experiments. In this system, light from a scintillator is manipulated with an optical lens and is intensified using an image intensifier, making it detectable with the TPX3 chip. Two different scintillators, namely, 6LiF:ZnS(Ag) and 6LiI:Eu, were investigated to achieve the high resolution needed for spin-echo modulated small-angle neutron scattering (SEMSANS) and modulation of intensity with zero effort (MIEZE).

Emergent Ferromagnetism in CaRuO/CaMnO (111)-Oriented Superlattices.

The boundary between CaRuO and CaMnO is an ideal test bed for emergent magnetic ground states stabilized through interfacial electron interactions. In this system, nominally antiferromagnetic and paramagnetic materials combine to yield interfacial ferromagnetism in CaMnO due to electron leakage across the interface. In this work, we show that the crystal symmetry at the surface is a critical factor determining the nature of the interfacial interactions.

Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy of All-Perovskite Tandem Solar Cells.

This work explores electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study recombination and ionic processes in all-perovskite tandem solar cells. We exploit selective excitation of each subcell to enhance or suppress the impedance signal from each subcell, allowing study of individual tandem subcells. We use this selective excitation methodology to show that the recombination resistance and ionic time constants of the wide gap subcell are increased with passivation.

Online seizure first aid certification program is an effective means of improving student knowledge and self efficacy surrounding epilepsy.

Introduction: Epilepsy is a neurological disorder, characterized by recurring seizures, affecting more than 3.4 million adults and children throughout the United States. Still, there are sizable gaps in awareness and knowledge of this disorder, and persistent misunderstandings and stigmas surrounding epilepsy and seizure first aid (SFA) pose a risk to those living with this condition.

Skyrmion-Excited Spin-Wave Fractal Networks.

Magnetic skyrmions exhibit unique, technologically relevant pseudo-particle behaviors which arise from their topological protection, including well-defined, 3D dynamic modes that occur at microwave frequencies. During dynamic excitation, spin waves are ejected into the interstitial regions between skyrmions, creating the magnetic equivalent of a turbulent sea. However, since the spin waves in these systems have a well-defined length scale, and the skyrmions are on an ordered lattice, ordered structures from spin-wave interference can precipitate from the chaos.

Complex Metabolism of the Novel Neurosteroid, Ganaxolone, in Humans: A Unique Challenge for Metabolites in Safety Testing Assessment.

The human pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and excretion of [C]-ganaxolone (GNX) were characterized in healthy male subjects ( = 8) following a single 300-mg (150 Ci) oral dose. GNX exhibited a short half-life of 4 hours in plasma, whereas total radioactivity had a half-life of 413 hours indicating extensive metabolism to long-lived metabolites. Identification of the major GNX circulating metabolites required extensive isolation and purification for liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry analysis, together with in vitro studies, NMR spectroscopy, and synthetic chemistry support.

Room-temperature valence transition in a strain-tuned perovskite oxide.

Cobalt oxides have long been understood to display intriguing phenomena known as spin-state crossovers, where the cobalt ion spin changes vs. temperature, pressure, etc. A very different situation was recently uncovered in praseodymium-containing cobalt oxides, where a first-order coupled spin-state/structural/metal-insulator transition occurs, driven by a remarkable praseodymium valence transition.

A qualitative process evaluation of social recovery therapy for enhancement of social recovery in first-episode psychosis (SUPEREDEN3).

Background: Many individuals with first-episode psychosis experience severe and persistent social disability despite receiving specialist early intervention. The SUPEREDEN3 trial assessed whether augmenting early intervention in psychosis services with Social Recovery Therapy (SRT) would lead to better social recovery.

Aims: A qualitative process evaluation was conducted to explore implementation and mechanisms of SRT impact from the perspective of SUPEREDEN3 participants.

Observing flow of He II with unsupervised machine learning.

Time dependent observations of point-to-point correlations of the velocity vector field (structure functions) are necessary to model and understand fluid flow around complex objects. Using thermal gradients, we observed fluid flow by recording fluorescence of [Formula: see text] excimers produced by neutron capture throughout a ~ cm volume. Because the photon emitted by an excited excimer is unlikely to be recorded by the camera, the techniques of particle tracking (PTV) and particle imaging (PIV) velocimetry cannot be applied to extract information from the fluorescence of individual excimers.

Atomically engineered cobaltite layers for robust ferromagnetism.

Emergent phenomena at heterointerfaces are directly associated with the bonding geometry of adjacent layers. Effective control of accessible parameters, such as the bond length and bonding angles, offers an elegant method to tailor competing energies of the electronic and magnetic ground states. In this study, we construct unit-thick syntactic layers of cobaltites within a strongly tilted octahedral matrix via atomically precise synthesis.

Emergent Magnetic States and Tunable Exchange Bias at 3d Nitride Heterointerfaces.

Interfacial magnetism stimulates the discovery of giant magnetoresistance (MR) and spin-orbital coupling across the heterointerfaces, facilitating the intimate correlation between spin transport and complex magnetic structures. Over decades, functional heterointerfaces composed of nitrides have seldom been explored due to the difficulty in synthesizing high-quality nitride films with correct compositions. Here, the fabrication of single-crystalline ferromagnetic Fe N thin films with precisely controlled thicknesses is reported.

Induced Ferromagnetism in Epitaxial Uranium Dioxide Thin Films.

Actinide materials have various applications that range from nuclear energy to quantum computing. Most current efforts have focused on bulk actinide materials. Tuning functional properties by using strain engineering in epitaxial thin films is largely lacking.

Experimental Search for Neutron to Mirror Neutron Oscillations as an Explanation of the Neutron Lifetime Anomaly.

An unexplained >4σ discrepancy persists between "beam" and "bottle" measurements of the neutron lifetime. A new model proposed that conversions of neutrons n into mirror neutrons n^{'}, part of a dark mirror sector, can increase the apparent neutron lifetime by 1% via a small mass splitting Δm between n and n^{'} inside the 4.6 T magnetic field of the National Institute of Standards and Technology Beam Lifetime experiment.

Room-Temperature Ferromagnetism at an Oxide-Nitride Interface.

Heterointerfaces have led to the discovery of novel electronic and magnetic states because of their strongly entangled electronic degrees of freedom. Single-phase chromium compounds always exhibit antiferromagnetism following the prediction of the Goodenough-Kanamori rules. So far, exchange coupling between chromium ions via heteroanions has not been explored and the associated quantum states are unknown.

North Atlantic winter cyclones starve seabirds.

Each winter, the North Atlantic Ocean is the stage for numerous cyclones, the most severe ones leading to seabird mass-mortality events called "winter wrecks." During these, thousands of emaciated seabird carcasses are washed ashore along European and North American coasts. Winter cyclones can therefore shape seabird population dynamics by affecting survival rates as well as the body condition of surviving individuals and thus their future reproduction.

Pharmacokinetics and metabolic disposition of a potent and selective kynurenine monooxygenase inhibitor, CHDI-340246, in laboratory animals.

The disposition of a novel kynurenine monooxygenase inhibitor, CHDI-340246, was investigated and in animals., there was minimal metabolic turnover of CHDI-340246 in all species. The protein binding was higher in human plasma (99.

Complex population structure of the Atlantic puffin revealed by whole genome analyses.

The factors underlying gene flow and genomic population structure in vagile seabirds are notoriously difficult to understand due to their complex ecology with diverse dispersal barriers and extensive periods at sea. Yet, such understanding is vital for conservation management of seabirds that are globally declining at alarming rates. Here, we elucidate the population structure of the Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) by assembling its reference genome and analyzing genome-wide resequencing data of 72 individuals from 12 colonies.

Ferroelectric Self-Polarization Controlled Magnetic Stratification and Magnetic Coupling in Ultrathin LaSrMnO Films.

Multiferroic oxide heterostructures consisting of ferromagnetic and ferroelectric components hold the promise for nonvolatile magnetic control via ferroelectric polarization, advantageous for the low-dissipation spintronics. Modern understanding of the magnetoelectric coupling in these systems involves structural, orbital, and magnetic reconstructions at interfaces. Previous works have long proposed polarization-dependent interfacial magnetic structures; however, direct evidence is still missing, which requires advanced characterization tools with near-atomic-scale spatial resolutions.

Dimensional Control of Octahedral Tilt in SrRuO via Infinite-Layered Oxides.

Manipulation of octahedral distortion at atomic scale is an effective means to tune the ground states of functional oxides. Previous work demonstrates that strain and film thickness are variable parameters to modify the octahedral parameters. However, selective control of bonding geometry by structural propagation from adjacent layers is rarely studied.

Meeting Paris agreement objectives will temper seabird winter distribution shifts in the North Atlantic Ocean.

We explored the implications of reaching the Paris Agreement Objective of limiting global warming to <2°C for the future winter distribution of the North Atlantic seabird community. We predicted and quantified current and future winter habitats of five North Atlantic Ocean seabird species (Alle alle, Fratercula arctica, Uria aalge, Uria lomvia and Rissa tridactyla) using tracking data for ~1500 individuals through resource selection functions based on mechanistic modeling of seabird energy requirements, and a dynamic bioclimate envelope model of seabird prey. Future winter distributions were predicted to shift with climate change, especially when global warming exceed 2°C under a "no mitigation" scenario, modifying seabird wintering hotspots in the North Atlantic Ocean.

A systematic review of the outcomes of using voice hearing simulation in the education of health care professionals and those in training.

Objectives: To identify and synthesise data from studies that have evaluated the outcomes of voice hearing simulation as an educational intervention with health care professionals and those in training.

Design: The research employed a systematic review that was informed by Centre for Reviews and Dissemination DATA SOURCES: The databases Web of Science, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials Register and CINAHL were systematically searched to January 2020.

Review Methods: Identified studies were screened by title (n = 509), abstract (n = 246) and full text (n = 56) using the following inclusion criteria: studies employing either qualitative and/or quantitative research methods, which have evaluated voice hearing simulation as a principal educational intervention with health care professionals during training or post-qualification.