A pathogenic role for IL-10 signalling in capillary stalling and cognitive impairment in type 1 diabetes.

Vascular pathology is associated with cognitive impairment in diseases such as type 1 diabetes; however, how capillary flow is affected and the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Here we show that capillaries in the diabetic mouse brain in both sexes are prone to stalling, with blocks consisting primarily of erythrocytes in branches off ascending venules. Screening for circulating inflammatory cytokines revealed persistently high levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) in diabetic mice.

Eosinophils respond to, but are not essential for control of an acute serovar Typhimurium infection in mice.

Eosinophils are a highly abundant cell type in the gastrointestinal tract during homeostatic conditions, where they have recently been reported to take on an activated phenotype following colonization by the bacterial microbiota. To date, there have been few studies investigating whether eosinophils respond to infection with enteric bacterial pathogens and/or investigating the requirements for eosinophils for effective bacterial pathogen control. In this study, we investigated the response of eosinophils to an acute enteric infection of mice with the bacterial pathogen serovar Typhimurium.

Personal electric deterrents can reduce shark bites from the three species responsible for the most fatal interactions.

The frequency of unprovoked shark bites is increasing worldwide, leading to a growing pressure for mitigation measures to reduce shark-bite risk while maintaining conservation objectives. Personal shark deterrents are a promising and non-lethal strategy that can protect ocean users, but few have been independently and scientifically tested. In Australia, bull (Carcharhinus leucas), tiger (Galeocerdo cuvier), and white sharks (Carcharodon carcharias) are responsible for the highest number of bites and fatalities.

Floundering or Flourishing? Early Insights from the Inception of Integrated Care Systems in England.

Background: In 2022, England embarked on an ambitious and innovative re-organisation to produce an integrated health and care system with a greater focus on improving population health. This study aimed to understand how nascent ICSs are developing and to identify the key challenges and enablers to integration.

Methods: Four ICSs participated in the study between November 2021 and May 2022.

Comparative sensitivity of early cystic fibrosis lung disease detection tools in school aged children.

Background: Effective detection of early lung disease in cystic fibrosis (CF) is critical to understanding early pathogenesis and evaluating early intervention strategies. We aimed to compare ability of several proposed sensitive functional tools to detect early CF lung disease as defined by CT structural disease in school aged children.

Methods: 50 CF subjects (mean±SD 11.

Identifying priority sites for whale shark ship collision management globally.

The expansion of the world's merchant fleet poses a great threat to the ocean's biodiversity. Collisions between ships and marine megafauna can have population-level consequences for vulnerable species. The Endangered whale shark (Rhincodon typus) shares a circumglobal distribution with this expanding fleet and tracking of movement pathways has shown that large vessel collisions pose a major threat to the species.

From little things big things grow: enhancement of an acoustic telemetry network to monitor broad-scale movements of marine species along Australia's east coast.

Background: Acoustic telemetry has become a fundamental tool to monitor the movement of aquatic species. Advances in technology, in particular the development of batteries with lives of > 10 years, have increased our ability to track the long-term movement patterns of many species. However, logistics and financial constraints often dictate the locations and deployment duration of acoustic receivers.

Investigation of the hospital pharmacy profession in Europe.

Objective: From 1995, the European Association of Hospital Pharmacists (EAHP) has regularly investigated the progress of the hospital pharmacy profession in Europe, and identified key barriers and drivers of this. The most recent 'Investigation of the Hospital Pharmacy Profession in Europe' was conducted from November 2022 to March 2023.

Methods: The online questionnaire was sent to all hospital pharmacies in EAHP member countries.

The high cost of care and limited evidence on cost-effective strategies for Lewy body dementia: systematic review of evidence.

Background: Lewy body dementia (LBD) is a prevalent yet frequently underdiagnosed form of dementia, accounting for up to 15% of all dementia cases.

Aims: This study aims to increase awareness and advocacy for LBD by gathering and critically assessing the economic evidence, including the cost of illness and cost-effectiveness of interventions for managing LBD.

Method: A systematic literature review was undertaken with EMBASE, Medline, CINAHL, PsycINFO, NHS Economic Evaluation Database and EconLit.

Exploring Compassion towards Laboratory Animals in UK- and China-Based Undergraduate Biomedical Sciences Students.

Taking a compassionate approach to the non-human animals used in biomedical research is in line with emerging ideas around a "culture of care". It is important to expose biomedical sciences students to the concept of a culture of care at an early stage and give them opportunities to explore related practices and ideas. However, there is no simple tool to explore biomedical sciences students' attitudes towards laboratory animals.

Assessing progress in managing and improving quality in nascent integrated care systems in England.

Objectives: In 2022, England embarked on an ambitious reorganisation to produce an integrated health and care system, intended also to maximise population health. The newly created integrated care systems (ICSs) aim to improve quality of care, by achieving the best outcomes for individuals and populations through the provision of evidence-based services. An emerging approach for managing quality in organisations is the Quality Management System (QMS) framework.

An "Engage to Sustain" Intervention to Improve Process Performance Measures in Ambulatory Care.

In ambulatory care, monitoring process performance measures (PPMs) is essential to meet regulatory requirements, establish targets for care, seek reimbursement, and evaluate patient care responsibilities. We implemented a comprehensive program, "Engage to Sustain," for licensed practical nurses (LPNs) and certified medical assistants (CMAs) to practice at the top of their licensure/certification. Screening rates for 4 key PPMs (depression screening, fall risk screening, and tobacco use screening and counseling) markedly increased following this intervention across 18 ambulatory departments with more than 2 million patient visits.

Living well while providing support: validation of LTCQ-Carer for assessing informal carers' quality of life.

Purpose: Despite international policies to support the health and wellbeing of informal (family) caregivers, there is no consensus on how to evaluate the effectiveness of carer support. We aimed to develop and validate a new quality-of-life measure for carers (LTCQ-Carer) and to assess its potential for use within a clinical pathway.

Methods: Psychometric properties of LTCQ-Carer were tested through cognitive interviews (qualitative phase) and a pilot survey (quantitative phase).

Implementation and evaluation of ultra-low dose CT in early cystic fibrosis lung disease.

https://bit.ly/3Wi8MLr

Implementation of non-insulin-dependent diabetes self-management education (DSME) in LMICs: a systematic review of cost, adoption, acceptability, and fidelity in resource-constrained settings.

Background: Type II diabetes (T2D), is a serious health issue accounting for 10.7% of mortality globally. 80% of cases worldwide are found in low- and middle-income countries (LMIC), with rapidly increasing prevalence.

First Constraints on Heavy QCD Axions with a Liquid Argon Time Projection Chamber Using the ArgoNeuT Experiment.

We present the results of a search for heavy QCD axions performed by the ArgoNeuT experiment at Fermilab. We search for heavy axions produced in the NuMI neutrino beam target and absorber decaying into dimuon pairs, which can be identified using the unique capabilities of ArgoNeuT and the MINOS near detector. This decay channel is motivated by a broad class of heavy QCD axion models that address the strong CP and axion quality problems with axion masses above the dimuon threshold.

The core outcomes for open lower limb fracture study.

Aims: A core outcome set for adult, open lower limb fracture has been established consisting of 'Walking, gait and mobility', 'Being able to return to life roles', 'Pain or discomfort', and 'Quality of life'. This study aims to identify which outcome measurement instruments (OMIs) should be recommended to measure each core outcome.

Methods: A systematic review and quality assessment were conducted to identify existing instruments with evidence of good measurement properties in the open lower limb fracture population for each core outcome.

MHCII+CD80+ thymic eosinophils increase in abundance during neonatal development in mice and their accumulation is microbiota dependent.

Eosinophils are present in the thymus of mammals, yet their function at this site during homeostatic development is unknown. We used flow cytometry to determine the abundance and phenotype of eosinophils (here defined as SSchigh SiglecF+ CD11b+ CD45+ cells) in the thymus of mice during the neonatal period, the later postnatal period, and into adulthood. We show that both the total number of thymic eosinophils and their frequency among leukocytes increase over the first 2 wk of life and that their accumulation in the thymus is dependent on the presence of an intact bacterial microbiota.

Development of a core outcome set for open lower limb fracture.

Open lower limb fracture is life-changing, resulting in substantial morbidity and resource demand, while inconsistent outcome-reporting hampers systematic review and meta-analysis. A core outcome set establishes consensus among key stakeholders for the recommendation of a minimum set of outcomes. This study aims to define a core outcome set for adult open lower limb fracture.

What outcomes have been reported on patients following open lower limb fracture, and how have they been measured?

Open lower limb fracture is a life-changing injury affecting 11.5 per 100,000 adults each year, and causes significant morbidity and resource demand on trauma infrastructures. This study aims to identify what, and how, outcomes have been reported for people following open lower limb fracture over ten years.

An exploration of hospital pharmacists' attitudes and opinions towards undertaking research.

Objectives: This research aimed to explore the attitudes and opinions of hospital pharmacists to undertaking research to understand the drivers, drawbacks, barriers and enablers to engagement and explore the characteristics of research-active pharmacy departments.

Methods: A qualitative approach was employed using case study methodology where interviews were undertaken with the chief pharmacist and a cohort of research-active pharmacists at four secondary care NHS Trusts. Each of the four case study sites had high levels of research activity among pharmacists and a model of support for them to undertake research.

Elevated Winter Stream Temperatures below Wastewater Treatment Plants Shift Reproductive Development of Female Johnny Darter : A Field and Histologic Approach.

River water temperatures are increasing globally, particularly in urban systems. In winter, wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluent inputs are of particular concern because they increase water temperatures from near freezing to ~7-15 °C. Recent laboratory studies suggest that warm overwinter temperatures impact the reproductive timing of some fishes.

Developing a core outcome set (COS) for Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB).

Dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) is an important cause of dementia with a range of clinical manifestations, including motor, neuropsychiatric, and autonomic symptoms. Compared with more common forms of dementia such as Alzheimer's disease, DLB has been the focus of significantly fewer treatment studies, often with diverse outcome measures, making comparison and clinical implementation difficult. A core outcome set (COS) can address this by ensuring that data are comparable, relevant, useful, and usable for making the best healthcare decisions.