Bilateral brachial artery occlusion decreases internal carotid artery volume flow: a simple adjunct for cerebral protection?

Purpose: To investigate if a decrease in internal carotid artery (ICA) blood flow occurs with bilateral brachial artery occlusion (BBO), which may improve the effectiveness of cerebral protection devices during carotid interventions.

Methods: Thirty-two asymptomatic patients (21 men; mean age 67 years) with carotid atherosclerosis between 15% and 79% were enrolled in the study. Carotid duplex ultrasound was followed by volume flow rate (VF) determination in the right ICA, external carotid (ECA), and vertebral arteries.

The measurement properties and performance characteristics among older people of TURN180, a test of dynamic postural stability.

Objectives: To establish the measurement properties of TURN180, a test of dynamic postural stability.

Design: One physiotherapist conducted three trials of TURN 180, one of which was also observed by a second therapist.

Setting: A day unit for elderly people accepting both inpatients and outpatients.

Stimulant medication in ADHD: what do children and their parents say?

Objectives: The prescription of stimulant medication to children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder remains topical. Few reports target children's views about taking long-term medication. The aim was to assess child and parent views of stimulant medication.

Mice fed lipid-encapsulated Mycobacterium bovis BCG are protected against aerosol challenge with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Mice that consumed a single dose of 10(7) lipid-encapsulated Mycobacterium bovis BCG bacilli showed significant pulmonary and systemic protection against aerosol challenge with M. tuberculosis H37Rv. As an extension of previous challenge studies with virulent strains of M.

Temperature effects on flocculation, using different coagulants.

Temperature is known to affect flocculation and filter performance. Jar tests have been conducted in the laboratory, using a photometric dispersion analyser (PDA) to assess the effects of temperature on floc formation, breakage and reformation. Alum, ferric sulphate and three polyaluminium chloride (PACI) coagulants have been investigated for temperatures ranging between 6 and 29 degrees C for a suspension of kaolin clay in London tap water.

Thrombus-induced endothelial dysfunction: Hemoglobin and fibrin decrease nitric oxide bioactivity without altering eNOS.

Background: Arterial thrombosis is associated with endothelial dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to determine which components of thrombus induce endothelial dysfunction and to determine their effect on endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity and expression.

Materials And Methods: Human aortic endothelial cells were grown to confluence.

What are the maternal implications of a classical caesarean section?

Sixty-two caesarean sections involving a vertical upper uterine segment incision were performed at the Coombe Women's Hospital between January 1983 and December 1995. A detailed chart review was performed. There were no maternal deaths.

Resuscitation with a blood substitute causes vasoconstriction without nitric oxide scavenging in a model of arterial hemorrhage.

Background: The purpose of this study was to determine if a hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier, HBOC-201 (Hemopure, Biopure Corp), alters endothelial function and nitric oxide physiology when used for hemorrhagic shock.

Study Design: Female swine (Sus scrofa) underwent catheterization of the femoral, circumflex iliac, and pulmonary arteries. Control animals (n = 3) underwent instrumentation only.

Cardioprotection in chronically hypoxic rabbits persists on exposure to normoxia: role of NOS and KATP channels.

Hypoxia from birth increases resistance to myocardial ischemia in infant rabbits. We hypothesized that increased cardioprotection in hearts chronically hypoxic from birth persists following development in a normoxic environment and involves increased activation of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) and ATP-dependent K (K(ATP)) channels. Resistance to myocardial ischemia was determined in rabbits raised from birth to 10 days of age in a normoxic (Fi(O(2)) = 0.

CD8+ T lymphocyte responses target functionally important regions of Protease and Integrase in HIV-1 infected subjects.

BACKGROUND: CD8+ T cell responses are known to be important to the control of HIV-1 infection. While responses to reverse transcriptase and most structural and accessory proteins have been extensively studied, CD8 T cell responses specifically directed to the HIV-1 enzymes Protease and Integrase have not been well characterized, and few epitopes have been described in detail. METHODS: We assessed comprehensively the CD8 T cell responses to synthetic peptides spanning Protease and Integrase in 56 HIV-1 infected subjects with acute, chronic, or controlled infection using IFN-gamma-Elispot assays and intracellular cytokine staining.

Caval and ureteral obstruction secondary to an inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysm.

Inflammatory abdominal aortic aneurysms (IAAA) represent 3% to 10% of all abdominal aortic aneurysms. Obstructive uropathy is a well-described feature of IAAAs, but venous complications are unusual secondary to IAAA. The authors report a patient presenting with acute renal failure and deep venous thrombosis secondary to an IAAA.

Depletion of ovarian reserve in young women after treatment for cancer in childhood: detection by anti-Müllerian hormone, inhibin B and ovarian ultrasound.

Background: Treatment of cancer during childhood may result in loss of primordial follicles from the ovary.

Methods: Ten cancer survivors and 11 controls with regular menstrual cycles, in addition to 10 cancer survivors and 10 controls taking the combined oral contraceptive pill (COCP) were recruited. Subjects were investigated on days 3-5 of a menstrual cycle, or week 3 of COCP administration before and 24 h after administration of 225 IU FSH.

Cellular redistribution of inducible Hsp70 protein in the human and rabbit heart in response to the stress of chronic hypoxia: role of protein kinases,

Many infants who undergo cardiac surgery have a congenital cyanotic defect where the heart is chronically perfused with hypoxemic blood. Infant hearts adapt to chronic hypoxemia by activation of intracellular protein kinase signal transduction pathways. However, the involvement of heat shock protein 70 in adaptation to chronic hypoxemia and its role in protein kinase signaling pathways is unknown.

Comprehensive epitope analysis of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-specific T-cell responses directed against the entire expressed HIV-1 genome demonstrate broadly directed responses, but no correlation to viral load.

Cellular immune responses play a critical role in the control of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1); however, the breadth of these responses at the single-epitope level has not been comprehensively assessed. We therefore screened peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) from 57 individuals at different stages of HIV-1 infection for virus-specific T-cell responses using a matrix of 504 overlapping peptides spanning all expressed HIV-1 proteins in a gamma interferon-enzyme-linked immunospot (Elispot) assay. HIV-1-specific T-cell responses were detectable in all study subjects, with a median of 14 individual epitopic regions targeted per person (range, 2 to 42), and all 14 HIV-1 protein subunits were recognized.