Principles of Analytic Validation of Immunohistochemical Assays: Guideline Update.

Context.—: In 2014, the College of American Pathologists developed an evidence-based guideline to address analytic validation of immunohistochemical assays. Fourteen recommendations were offered.

The Journey to Improve the College of American Pathologists Cancer Biomarker Reporting Protocols.

Context.—: Biomarker reporting has increasingly become a key component of pathology reporting, providing diagnostic, prognostic, and actionable therapeutic data for patient care.

Objective.

Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: ASCO/CAP Guideline Update.

Purpose: To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists estrogen (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) testing in breast cancer guideline.

Methods: A multidisciplinary international Expert Panel was convened to update the clinical practice guideline recommendations informed by a systematic review of the medical literature.

Recommendations: The Expert Panel continues to recommend ER testing of invasive breast cancers by validated immunohistochemistry as the standard for predicting which patients may benefit from endocrine therapy, and no other assays are recommended for this purpose.

Estrogen and Progesterone Receptor Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Guideline Update.

Purpose.—: To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PgR) testing in breast cancer guideline.

Methods.

Evaluating the Adoption of Laboratory Practice Guidelines.

Context.—: To date, the College of American Pathologists (CAP) has developed 17 laboratory practice guidelines (LPGs) including updates. In 2013, the CAP was awarded a 5-year cooperative agreement grant from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to increase the effectiveness of LPGs.

Effects of Listener Age and Native Language Experience on Recognition of Accented and Unaccented English Words.

Purpose Older native speakers of English have difficulty in understanding Spanish-accented English compared to younger native English speakers. However, it is unclear if this age effect would be observed among native speakers of Spanish. The current study investigates the effects of age and native language experience with Spanish on the ability to recognize words spoken in English by Spanish-accented and unaccented talkers.

Effects of listener age and native language on perception of accented and unaccented sentences.

Degradations to auditory input have deleterious effects on speech recognition performance, especially by older listeners. Alterations to timing information in speech, such as occurs in rapid or foreign-accented speech, can be particularly difficult for older people to resolve. It is currently unclear how prior language experience modulates performance with temporally altered sentence-length speech utterances.

Histochemistry in the diagnosis of non-neoplastic gastrointestinal disorders.

The alimentary tract serves as host to a large number of diseases. In the non-neoplastic group of disorders, conventional histochemistry continues to play an important diagnostic role. It is particularly important in recognizing specific infectious diseases, such as Helicobacter gastritis, Whipple disease, intestinal tuberculosis and other forms of mycobacteriosis, malakoplakia, intestinal spirochetosis, fungal enteritides, amebiasis, cryptosporidiosis, isosporiasis, and microsporidiosis.

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update.

Purpose To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer guideline. Methods Based on the signals approach, an Expert Panel reviewed published literature and research survey results on the observed frequency of less common in situ hybridization (ISH) patterns to update the recommendations. Recommendations Two recommendations addressed via correspondence in 2015 are included.

Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Focused Update.

Purpose.—: To update key recommendations of the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)/College of American Pathologists (CAP) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) testing in breast cancer guideline.

Methods.

Recognition of asynchronous auditory-visual speech by younger and older listeners: A preliminary study.

This study examined the effects of age and hearing loss on recognition of speech presented when the auditory and visual speech information was misaligned in time (i.e., asynchronous).

Analytic Validation of Immunohistochemical Assays: A Comparison of Laboratory Practices Before and After Introduction of an Evidence-Based Guideline.

Context: - Laboratories must demonstrate analytic validity before any test can be used clinically, but studies have shown inconsistent practices in immunohistochemical assay validation.

Objective: - To assess changes in immunohistochemistry analytic validation practices after publication of an evidence-based laboratory practice guideline.

Design: - A survey on current immunohistochemistry assay validation practices and on the awareness and adoption of a recently published guideline was sent to subscribers enrolled in one of 3 relevant College of American Pathologists proficiency testing programs and to additional nonsubscribing laboratories that perform immunohistochemical testing.

Analytic Validation of Immunohistochemistry Assays: New Benchmark Data From a Survey of 1085 Laboratories.

Context: - A cooperative agreement between the College of American Pathologists (CAP) and the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention was undertaken to measure laboratories' awareness and implementation of an evidence-based laboratory practice guideline (LPG) on immunohistochemical (IHC) validation practices published in 2014.

Objective: - To establish new benchmark data on IHC laboratory practices.

Design: - A 2015 survey on IHC assay validation practices was sent to laboratories subscribed to specific CAP proficiency testing programs and to additional nonsubscribing laboratories that perform IHC testing.

Age effects in discrimination of intervals within accented tone sequences differing in accent type and sequence presentation rate.

The study measured listener sensitivity to increments in the duration of one or two target silent intervals embedded within unaccented tone sequences and sequences that featured a single accented component. The baseline unaccented sequences consisted of six 1000-Hz 40-ms tone bursts that were separated equally by silent intervals to establish a slower tone sequence rate, with tonal inter-onset intervals (IOIs) set to 200 ms, or a faster rate with tonal IOIs set to 100 ms. Stimulus accent was created by doubling the baseline duration of a single sequence component, either the second tone burst (tonal accent), or the second tonal IOI (interval accent).

Perception of contrastive bi-syllabic lexical stress in unaccented and accented words by younger and older listeners.

This study examined the ability of older and younger listeners to perceive contrastive syllable stress in unaccented and Spanish-accented cognate bi-syllabic English words. Younger listeners with normal hearing, older listeners with normal hearing, and older listeners with hearing impairment judged recordings of words that contrasted in stress that conveyed a noun or verb form (e.g.

Functional and Clinical Outcomes of Upper Extremity Amputation.

Upper extremity amputation is an uncommon but often necessary procedure. It can be required as a result of trauma, infection, or malignancy. Amputation is a life-changing procedure.

Principles of Analytic Validation of Clinical Immunohistochemistry Assays.

All assays performed in anatomic and clinical pathology laboratories must be validated before they are placed into clinical service. This review summarizes strategies for validation of clinical immunohistochemistry assays, and is chiefly based on the recently released guideline released by The College of American Pathologists.