Exploring Midwives' and Nurse-Midwives' Professional Identity and How Midwifery May Be Best Represented in the Public Realm: A Global Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Study.

Aims: With respect to midwives and nurse-midwife populations (1) measure and (2) explore professional identity and (3) explore how the midwifery profession may be best represented in the public realm.

Design: Convergent Parallel Mixed-Methods Design.

Methods: A web-based survey was used to collect data from 860 midwives and nurse-midwives from 102 countries between February and July 2022.

Comparing post-treatment urinary and colorectal procedures in prostate cancer patients using population-based linked data.

Purpose: To investigate urinary and colorectal procedures among men who underwent radical prostatectomy (RP) and external beam radiotherapy (EBRT).

Methods: We studied 16,271 (RP = 8516 and EBRT = 7755) South Australian men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2001 and 2021. Colorectal and urinary procedures were extracted from hospital admission procedure codes and Medical Benefits Schedule item codes.

Pre-exposure prophylaxis access, uptake and usage by young people: a systematic review of barriers and facilitators.

Background: Young people's sexual health decision-making, including decisions to access and adhere to HIV prevention strategies such as Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP), are influenced by a range of internal and external factors. Synthesizing these factors is essential to guide the development of youth-focused PrEP health promotion strategies to contribute to international goals of ending HIV transmission.

Objective: To understand the individual, interpersonal, sociocultural and systemic barriers and facilitators to PrEP access, uptake and use experienced by young people 24 years and younger.

Nationwide, Couple-Based Genetic Carrier Screening.

Background: Genomic sequencing technology allows for identification of reproductive couples with an increased chance, as compared with that in the general population, of having a child with an autosomal recessive or X-linked genetic condition.

Methods: We investigated the feasibility, acceptability, and outcomes of a nationwide, couple-based genetic carrier screening program in Australia as part of the Mackenzie's Mission project. Health care providers offered screening to persons before pregnancy or early in pregnancy.

Prognostic value of comorbidity measures among Australian men with non-metastatic prostate cancer.

Aim: To compare the utility of various admission-based comorbidity indices in men diagnosed with non-metastatic prostate cancer.

Methods: The study cohort consisted of men diagnosed with prostate cancer between January 2002 and December 2020 according to the state-wide South Australian Cancer Registry. Comorbid conditions were captured for 11,470 men through linkage to public hospital admission data 5-years prior to prostate cancer diagnosis.

Diverse roles of Primary Health Care in COVID-19 vaccination across 28 European countries - Insights from the Eurodata study.

Background: The COVID-19 vaccination campaign in several European countries involved collaboration between public health and Primary Health Care (PHC).

Objective: To highlight the role of PHC professionals in the COVID-19 vaccination rollout, specifically in terms of vaccine administration, communication and contributing to vaccination population coverage.

Methods: A descriptive retrospective study of the COVID-19 vaccination campaign across 28 European countries was conducted, covering data from December 2020 to November 2021.

When less is more: sketching with minimizers in genomics.

The exponential increase in sequencing data calls for conceptual and computational advances to extract useful biological insights. One such advance, minimizers, allows for reducing the quantity of data handled while maintaining some of its key properties. We provide a basic introduction to minimizers, cover recent methodological developments, and review the diverse applications of minimizers to analyze genomic data, including de novo genome assembly, metagenomics, read alignment, read correction, and pangenomes.

Small lectin ligands as a basis for applications in glycoscience and glycomedicine.

Glycan recognition by lectins mediates important biological events. This Tutorial Review aims to introduce lectin-ligand interactions and show how these molecular recognition events inspire innovations such as: (i) glycomimetic ligands; (ii) multivalent ligand agonists/antagonists; (iii) ligands for precision delivery of therapies to cells, where therapies include vaccines, siRNA and LYTACs (iv) development of diagnostics. A small number of case studies are selected to demonstrate principles for development of new ligands for applications inspired by knowledge of natural glycan ligand structure and function.

Intrinsic Skeletal Muscle Function and Contraction-Stimulated Glucose Uptake Do Not Vary by Time-of-Day in Mice.

A growing body of data suggests that skeletal muscle contractile function and glucose metabolism vary by time-of-day, with chronobiological effects on intrinsic skeletal muscle properties being proposed as the underlying mediator. However, no studies have directly investigated intrinsic contractile function or glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle over a 24 h circadian cycle. To address this, we assessed intrinsic contractile function and endurance, as well as contraction-stimulated glucose uptake, in isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus from mice at 4 times-of-day (zeitgeber times 1, 7, 13, 19).

Detection of differentially methylated CpGs between tumour and adjacent benign cells in diagnostic prostate cancer samples.

Differentially methylated CpG sites (dmCpGs) that distinguish prostate tumour from adjacent benign tissue could aid in the diagnosis and prognosis of prostate cancer. Previously, the identification of such dmCpGs has only been undertaken in radical prostatectomy (RP) samples and not primary diagnostic tumour samples (needle biopsy or transurethral resection of the prostate). We interrogated an Australian dataset comprising 125 tumour and 43 adjacent histologically benign diagnostic tissue samples, including 41 paired samples, using the Infinium Human Methylation450 BeadChip.

The Use of COVID-19 Mobile Apps in Connecting Patients with Primary Healthcare in 30 Countries: Eurodata Study.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has necessitated changes in European healthcare systems, with a significant proportion of COVID-19 cases being managed on an outpatient basis in primary healthcare (PHC). To alleviate the burden on healthcare facilities, many European countries developed contact-tracing apps and symptom checkers to identify potential cases. As the pandemic evolved, the European Union introduced the Digital COVID-19 Certificate for travel, which relies on vaccination, recent recovery, or negative test results.

Germline Sequencing of DNA Damage Repair Genes in Two Hereditary Prostate Cancer Cohorts Reveals New Disease Risk-Associated Gene Variants.

Rare, inherited variants in DNA damage repair (DDR) genes have a recognised role in prostate cancer (PrCa) susceptibility. In addition, these genes are therapeutically targetable. While rare variants are informing clinical management in other common cancers, defining the rare disease-associated variants in PrCa has been challenging.

Temporal trends in medication and service use patterns for mental health issues among men with prostate cancer.

Objective: Prostate cancer can significantly impact mental wellbeing, creating uncertainty and morbidity. This study described patterns of psychotropic medication and mental health service use, as a proxy measure for mental health problems, 5 years before and 5 years after prostate cancer diagnosis.

Methods: Population-based registry data were linked with Pharmaceutical Benefits Scheme and Medicare Benefits Schedule data for all prostate cancer patients diagnosed in South Australia between 2012 and 2020 (n = 13,693).

Exploring the accessibility of primary health care data in Europe's COVID-19 response: developing key indicators for managing future pandemics (Eurodata study).

Background: Primary Health Care (PHC) plays a crucial role in managing the COVID-19 pandemic, with only 8% of cases requiring hospitalization. However, PHC COVID-19 data often goes unnoticed on European government dashboards and in media discussions. This project aims to examine official information on PHC patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic in Europe, with specific objectives: (1) Describe PHC's clinical pathways for acute COVID-19 cases, including long-term care facilities, (2) Describe PHC COVID-19 pandemic indicators, (3) Develop COVID-19 PHC activity indicators, (4) Explain PHC's role in vaccination strategies, and (5) Create a PHC contingency plan for future pandemics.

Intrinsic skeletal muscle function and contraction-stimulated glucose uptake do not vary by time-of-day in mice.

Unlabelled: A growing body of data suggests that skeletal muscle contractile function and glucose metabolism vary by time-of-day, with chronobiological effects on intrinsic skeletal muscle properties being proposed as the underlying mediator. However, no studies have directly investigated intrinsic contractile function or glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle over a 24 h circadian cycle. To address this, we assessed intrinsic contractile function and endurance, as well as contraction-stimulated glucose uptake, in isolated extensor digitorum longus and soleus from female mice at four times-of-day (Zeitgeber Times 1, 7, 13, 19).

Impact of comorbidities on prostate cancer-specific mortality: A population-based cohort study.

Aim: To assess the impact of comorbidities on prostate cancer mortality.

Methods: We studied 15,695 South Australian men diagnosed with prostate cancer between 2003 and 2019 from state-wide administrative linked data sets. Comorbidity was measured 1-year before prostate cancer diagnosis using Rx-Risk, a medication-based comorbidity index.

Insights into posttranslational regulation of skeletal muscle contractile function by the acetyltransferases, p300 and CBP.

Mice with skeletal muscle-specific and inducible double knockout of the lysine acetyltransferases, p300 (E1A binding protein p300) and CBP (cAMP-response element-binding protein binding protein), referred to as i-mPCKO, demonstrate a dramatic loss of contractile function in skeletal muscle and ultimately die within 7 days. Given that many proteins involved in ATP generation and cross-bridge cycling are acetylated, we investigated whether these processes are dysregulated in skeletal muscle from i-mPCKO mice and, thus, whether they could underlie the rapid loss of muscle contractile function. Just 4-5 days after inducing knockout of p300 and CBP in skeletal muscle from adult i-mPCKO mice, there was ∼90% reduction in ex vivo contractile function in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and a ∼65% reduction in in vivo ankle dorsiflexion torque, as compared with wild type (WT; i.

Fine-mapping analysis including over 254,000 East Asian and European descendants identifies 136 putative colorectal cancer susceptibility genes.

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified more than 200 common genetic variants independently associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) risk, but the causal variants and target genes are mostly unknown. We sought to fine-map all known CRC risk loci using GWAS data from 100,204 cases and 154,587 controls of East Asian and European ancestry. Our stepwise conditional analyses revealed 238 independent association signals of CRC risk, each with a set of credible causal variants (CCVs), of which 28 signals had a single CCV.

Characteristics of strong midwifery leaders and enablers of strong midwifery leadership: An international appreciative inquiry.

Objectives: This research aimed to identify the characteristics of strong midwifery leaders and explore how strong midwifery leadership may be enabled from the perspective of midwives and nurse-midwives globally.

Design: In this appreciative inquiry, we collected qualitative and demographic data using a cross-sectional online survey between February and July 2022.

Setting: Responses were received from many countries (n = 76), predominantly the United Kingdom (UK), Australia, the United States of America (USA), Canada, Uganda, Saudi Arabia, Tanzania, Rwanda, India, and Kenya.

Impact of race and social determinants of health on outcomes in patients with aggressive B-cell NHL treated with CAR-T therapy.

Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell (CAR-T) immunotherapy is an effective therapy for relapsed/refractory B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (r/r B-NHL). However, data are limited on the impact of the convergence of race and social determinants of health on outcomes for patients treated with CAR-T therapy. We examined the impact of interactions between race and insurance type on health care use and outcomes in patients treated with CAR-T therapy for aggressive B-NHL.

The Effect of Laser-Resistant Endotracheal Tube Design on Airflow Dynamics: A Benchtop and Clinical Study.

Objective: Compare ventilation pressures of 2 endotracheal tube designs used in laser airway surgery in clinical practice and with a benchtop model to elucidate differences and understand the design elements that impact airflow dynamics.

Methods: Ventilatory and aerodynamic characteristics of the laser resistant stainless-steel endotracheal tube (LRSS-ET) design and the laser resistant aluminum-wrapped silicone endotracheal tube (LRAS-ET) design were compared. Ventilatory parameters were collected for 32 patients undergoing laser-assisted airway surgery through retrospective chart review.

Association between CFTR modulators and changes in iron deficiency markers in cystic fibrosis.

Background: Iron deficiency (ID) is a common extrapulmonary manifestation in cystic fibrosis (CF). CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies, particularly highly-effective modulator therapy (HEMT), have drastically improved health status in a majority of people with CF. We hypothesize that CFTR modulator use is associated with improved markers of ID.