Introducing the forearm fracture index to define the diametaphyseal junction zone through clinical evaluation in a cohort of 366 diametaphyseal radius fractures.

Background: Unstable diametaphyseal radius fractures (DMRFs) can be prone to complications, and treatment strategies are heterogeneous. Studies are difficult to interpret as definitions of the diametaphyseal junction zone (DMJZ) are impractical for clinical use, imprecise, or prone to error.

Methods: We introduce the forearm fracture index (FFI) to define DMRFs in radiographs and ultrasound.

Diagnosis of suspected pediatric distal forearm fractures with point-of-care-ultrasound (POCUS) by pediatric orthopedic surgeons after minimal training.

Background: Several studies have advocated the use of ultrasound to diagnose distal forearm fractures in children. However, there is limited data on the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for distal forearm fractures when conducted by pediatric surgeons or trainees who manage orthopedic injuries in children. The objective of this study was to determine the diagnostic accuracy of point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for pediatric distal forearm fractures when conducted by pediatric surgeons and trainees after minimal training.

Olfactory function after mild traumatic brain injury in children-a longitudinal case control study.

The prevalence of posttraumatic olfactory dysfunction in children after mild traumatic brain injury ranges from 3 to 58%, with potential factors influencing this variation, including traumatic brain injury severity and assessment methods. This prospective longitudinal study examines the association between mild traumatic brain injury and olfactory dysfunction in children. Seventy-five pediatric patients with mild traumatic brain injury and an age-matched healthy control group were enrolled.

Vesicoscopic vs. Open Ureteral Reimplantation According to Cohen and Leadbetter-Politano for Vesicoureteral Reflux.

Background: The minimally invasive implementations of the established open methods for the correction of primary vesicoureteral reflux have proven to be successful in terms of feasibility and safety. The aim of this study was to investigate to what extent pediatric patients benefit from vesicoscopic operations.

Methods: Between 2010 and 2022, 224 children (359 ureters) underwent ureteral reimplantation for vesicoureteral reflux in our clinic.

Olfactory training effects in children after mild traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) might impair the sense of smell and cognitive functioning. Repeated, systematic exposure to odors, i.e.

Bacterial pathogens in pediatric appendicitis: a comprehensive retrospective study.

Background: Appendicitis is a frequent condition, with peak incidences in the second decade of life. Its pathogenesis is under debate, but bacterial infections are crucial, and antibiotic treatment remains essential. Rare bacteria are accused of causing complications, and various calculated antibiotics are propagated, yet there is no comprehensive microbiological analysis of pediatric appendicitis.

Combined Bentall and Modified Ravitch Procedures: A Case Report and Systematic Review of the Evidence.

: Marfan syndrome (MS) is a genetic disorder with autosomal dominant inheritance that affects the connective tissue and consequently many organ systems. The cardiovascular manifestations of MS are notorious and include aortic root dilatation or acute aortic dissection, which can cause morbidity and early mortality. However, surgical treatment of aortic pathology may be complicated by musculoskeletal deformity of the chest wall, as in pectus excavatum.

Diagnostics and Treatment of Volkmann Ischemic Contracture in a Seven-Year-Old Child.

A 7-year-old boy presented 6 weeks after open reduction and crossed Kirschner wire (K-wire) fixation of a supracondylar humerus fracture. Previous treatments had restored skeletal anatomy without documented complications. However, the patient would not move the entire arm, including his forearm and hand.

Semi-occlusive management of fingertip injuries with finger caps: A randomized controlled trial in children and adults.

Background: Human fingertips can regenerate functionally and cosmetically excellent skin and soft tissues. Physiological conditions suppress scar formation and are thus a prerequisite for regenerative healing. Self-adhesive film dressings can provide such favorable conditions.

Duplex ultrasound for assessing vascular impairment after supracondylar humerus fractures.

Background: Supracondylar humerus fractures (SHF) are the second most common fracture in children and the most common fracture in children under seven years. Subtle neurovascular lesions in displaced SHF may be underdiagnosed clinically, but their sequelae can mean life-long symptoms. Here we show that color-coded duplex ultrasound (DUS) could help to identify these patients.

Vesicoscopic Cross-Trigonal Ureteral Reimplantation for Vesicoureteral Reflux: Intermediate Results.

For the treatment of vesicoureteral reflux, the introduction of vesicoscopic procedures offers new perspectives for improving patient comfort and quality. Our aim was to examine whether minimally invasive vesicoscopic cross-trigonal ureteral reimplantation (VCUR) would meet expectations. Between 2012 and 2021, 99 girls and 35 boys with high-grade vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) underwent VCUR.

Operative Volume of Newborn Surgery in German University Hospitals: High Volume Versus Low Volume Centers.

Introduction:  Adequate patient volume is essential for the maintenance of quality, meaningful research, and training of the next generation of pediatric surgeons. The role of university hospitals is to fulfill these tasks at the highest possible level. Due to decentralization of pediatric surgical care during the last decades, there is a trend toward reduction of operative caseloads.

Distribution of RET proto-oncogene variants in children with appendicitis.

Background: In addition to patient-related systemic factors directing the immune response, the pathomechanisms of appendicitis (AP) might also include insufficient drainage leading to inflammation caused by decreased peristalsis. Genetic predisposition accounts for 30%-50% of AP. M.

A rare PALB2 germline variant causing G2/M cell cycle arrest is associated with isolated myelosarcoma in infancy.

Background: Isolated myelosarcoma of infancy is a rare presentation of acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Because of its rarity and early onset in infancy underlying genetic predisposition is potentially relevant in disease initiation.

Methods And Results: We report an oncologic emergency in an infant with thoracic and intraspinal aleukaemic myeloid sarcoma causing acute myelon compression and lower leg palsy.

Prenatal diagnosis of exomphalos and prediction of outcome.

The aim of this study was to detect a parameter for predicting prenatal complications or postnatal surgical options after detecting a fetal exomphalos. This was a retrospective analysis of prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetuses with 41 cases of exomphalos in between 2007 and 2017, considering the measurement of ratios. The 41 fetuses with exomphalos were examined, 34 cases (82.

Dynamics of caspase activation upon UV induced genotoxic injury.

Purpose: Caspases are common mediators of cell death. Evasion of cell death including apoptosis are considered to be hallmarks of cancer. A deeper understanding of the apoptotic cascade may aid improving cancer therapies.

Prenatal Prediction of Outcome by Fetal Gastroschisis in a Tertiary Referral Center.

The aim of this study was to find a prenatal parameter to be able to predict possible prenatal complications or postnatal surgical options, thus allowing the fetal medicine specialist, together with pediatric surgeons and neonatologists, to improve the counseling of the parents and to determine the timing of delivery and therapy. This was a retrospective analysis of prenatal diagnosis and outcome of fetuses with 34 cases of gastroschisis between the years 2007 and 2017. A total of 34 fetuses with gastroschisis were examined and 33 outcomes registered: 22 cases of simple gastroschisis (66.

Conservative treatment of fingertip injuries in children - first experiences with a novel silicone finger cap that enables woundfluid analysis.

Human fingertips are able to regenerate soft tissue and skin after amputation injuries with excellent cosmetic and functional results when treated with semiocclusive dressings. Despite bacterial colonizations, proceeding infections are not reported with this management. The underlying mechanisms for this form of regenerative healing as well as for the resilience to infections are not known.

Elbow arthroscopy in children and adolescents: analysis of outcome and complications.

Background: Chondral or osteochondral lesions, post-traumatic contracture and loose bodies of the elbow are often associated with chronic pain, stiffness, repetitive swelling and joint blockages. Therefore, arthroscopy of the elbow is often used in the elderly for the treatment of osteochondral defects or arthrolysis. There are only a few reports and studies about arthroscopic therapy of the elbow in children and adolescents.

GT-repeat extension in the IL11 promoter is associated with Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR).

Hirschsprung's disease (HSCR) is a congenital disease characterized by intestinal obstruction due to a defective intestinal neural system. Frequently, the disease is associated with an intestinal inflammation. The most common known underlying genetic alterations are in the RET gene but HSCR can also be caused by mutations in other genes that are responsible for the maturation and migration of intestinal neural cells.

Duodenocolonic Fistula As A Rare Complication of Intestinal Burkitt Lymphoma in a Three-Year-Old Boy.

Background: Burkitt lymphoma (BL) in children often presents with abdominal localization. Intestinal perforations have been described mainly during treatment. We report on a three-year-old patient with abdominal BL who was diagnosed with a duodenocolonic fistula.

Study protocol for a randomized controlled pilot-trial on the semiocclusive treatment of fingertip amputation injuries using a novel finger cap.

Introduction: Fingertip amputation injuries are common in all ages. Conservatively treated fingertips can regenerate skin and soft tissues to form a functionally and cosmetically excellent new fingertip. Little is known about this ability that, in humans, is confined to the fingertips.

Foot and ankle fractures during childhood: review of the literature and scientific evidence for appropriate treatment.

Foot and ankle fractures represent 12% of all pediatric fractures. Malleolar fractures are the most frequent injuries of the lower limbs. Hindfoot and midfoot fractures are rare, but inadequate treatment for these fractures may results in compartment syndrome, three-dimensional deformities, avascular necrosis and early post-traumatic arthritis, which have a significant impact on overall foot and ankle function.

HSP90AB1: Helping the good and the bad.

HSP90AB1 (heat shock protein 90 kDA alpha, class B, member 1), also known as HSP90beta, is a member of the large family of HSPs which function as molecular chaperones. Chaperones, by binding to client proteins, support proper protein folding and maintain protein stability, especially after exposure to various kinds of cellular stress. Client proteins belong to various protein families including kinases, ubiquitin ligases and transcription factors.

Down-regulation of heat shock protein HSP90ab1 in radiation-damaged lung cells other than mast cells.

Ionizing radiation (IR) leads to fibrosing alveolitis (FA) after a lag period of several weeks to months. In a rat model, FA starts at 8 weeks after IR. Before that, at 5.